I. Ibiranga imyitwarire y'umukoresha mu gushyushya
1. Gukundwa kwaGushyushya vuba
Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko 95.4% by'abakoresha bahitamo gusharija byihuse, mu gihe gukoresha gusharija buhoro bikomeje kugabanuka. Iyi ngendo igaragaza ko abakoresha basaba cyane gusharija neza, kuko gusharija byihuse bitanga ingufu nyinshi mu gihe gito, bigahura n'ibyo bakeneye mu ngendo za buri munsi.
2. Impinduka mu gihe cyo gushyushya
Bitewe n’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’amashanyarazi nyuma ya saa sita n’amafaranga ya serivisi, igipimo cyo kwishyuza hagati ya saa sita na saa kumi n’ebyiri za mu gitondo cyagabanutseho gato. Iki kintu kigaragaza ko abakoresha batekereza ku biciro mu gihe bahitamo igihe cyo kwishyuza, bagahindura gahunda zabo kugira ngo bagabanye amafaranga bakoresha.
3. Kongera umubare w'amasitasiyo ya leta akoresha ingufu nyinshi
Mu bigo bitanga umuriro wa leta, igipimo cy’ibigo bitanga umuriro mwinshi (kirenga 270kW) cyageze kuri 3%. Iyi mpinduka igaragaza ko hari aho bigeze ku buryo bwo kongera gukoresha umuriro mu buryo bunoze, bujyanye n’ibyo abakoresha bakeneye kugira ngo batange umuriro vuba.
4. Icyerekezo cy'aho sitasiyo nto zo gushyushya
Igipimo cy’ubwubatsi bw’aho gushyurira ibikoresho bifite charger 11-30 cyagabanutseho amanota 29 ku ijana, bigaragaza ko hari stesheni nto kandi zitatanye cyane. Abakoresha bakunda ahantu hanini ho gushyurira ibikoresho bito kugira ngo byorohereze abantu gukoresha buri munsi.
5. Ubwinshi bw'abakoresha bashyashya
Abakoresha barenga 90% batanga amafaranga ku bakoresha benshi, aho impuzandengo ya 7. Ibi bigaragaza ko isoko rya serivisi zo gushyuza ririmo ibice byinshi, kandi abakoresha bakeneye ubufasha bw'abakoresha benshi kugira ngo bahaze ibyo bakeneye byo gushyuza.
6. Kongera ubwishyu bw'amashanyarazi mu Mujyi unyura hagati
38.5% by'abakoresha bakoresha amashanyarazi mu mijyi itandukanye, aho ntarengwa igera ku mijyi 65. Ukwiyongera kw'amashanyarazi mu mijyi itandukanye bigaragaza ko urwego rw'ingendo rw'abakoresha imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ruri kwiyongera, bigasaba ko habaho uburyo bwagutse bwo gusharija.
7. Ubushobozi bwo kunoza imiterere y'ahantu
Uko ubushobozi bw'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu bugenda burushaho kwiyongera, ni ko impungenge z'abakoresha zo gushyushya zigabanuka. Ibi bivuze ko iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga mu modoka zikoresha ingufu rigenda rikemura ibibazo by'abakoresha mu gukoresha ingufu.
II. Inyigo ku kunyurwa kw'abakoresha batanga amafaranga
1. Guteza imbere kunyurwa muri rusange
Kurushaho kunyurwa no gushyushya imodoka byatumye habaho kwiyongera kw'igurishwa ry'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu. Uburyo bwo gushyushya imodoka neza kandi bworoshye byongera icyizere n'ibyishimo ku bakoresha imodoka zikoresha ingufu.
2. Ibintu Bituma Uhitamo Porogaramu Zo Gushyushya
Abakoresha baha agaciro cyane uburyo ahantu ho gushyushya ibikoresho bikorerwamo iyo bahisemo porogaramu zo gushyushya ibikoresho. Ibi bigaragaza ko abakoresha bashaka porogaramu zibafasha kubona ahantu ho gushyushya ibikoresho bihari, ibyo bikaba byongerera uburyo bworoshye bwo gushyushya ibikoresho.
3. Ibibazo bijyanye no kudahindagurika kw'ibikoresho
71.2% by'abakoresha bahangayikishijwe n'ihindagurika ry'amashanyarazi n'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi mu bikoresho byo gusharija. Guhagarara kw'ibikoresho bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mutekano wo gusharija no ku bunararibonye bw'abakoresha, bigatuma biba ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibandaho.
4. Ikibazo cy'imodoka zikoresha lisansi zikoresha aho zishyushya
79.2% by'abakoresha lisansi babona ko ari ikibazo cy'ingenzi ku modoka zikoresha lisansi zikoresha aho zisharija, cyane cyane mu minsi mikuru. Imodoka zikoresha lisansi zikoresha aho zisharija zirinda imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi gusharija, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bw'abakoresha.
5. Amafaranga menshi yo kwishyuza serivisi
74.0% by'abakoresha bemeza ko amafaranga yo kwishyuza serivisi ari menshi cyane. Ibi bigaragaza ko abakoresha bumva ko amafaranga yo kwishyuza ahagije kandi bagasaba kugabanya amafaranga yo kwishyuza serivisi kugira ngo serivisi zo kwishyuza zirusheho kuba nziza.
6. Kwishimira cyane ubwishyu bw'abaturage mu mijyi
Abantu bishimira cyane uburyo bwo gushyushya amafaranga mu mijyi, bagera kuri 94%, aho 76.3% by'abakoresha bizeye kongera imbaraga mu kubaka ahantu ho gushyushya amafaranga hafi y'abaturage. Abakoresha bifuza koroherezwa kubona aho gushyushya amafaranga mu buzima bwa buri munsi kugira ngo borohereze uburyo bwo gushyushya.
7. Kunyurwa guke no gushyushya imodoka mu muhanda
Kunyurwa no gushyushya imodoka mu mihanda ni byo biri hasi cyane, aho 85.4% by'abakoresha binubira igihe kirekire cyo gutonda imirongo. Ibura ry'ibikoresho byo gushyushya imodoka mu mihanda rigira ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo bwo gushyushya imodoka mu ngendo ndende, bigasaba ko umubare n'imbaraga by'aho gushyushya imodoka byiyongera.
III. Isesengura ry'Imiterere y'Imyitwarire y'Umukoresha mu Gukoresha Imashini
1. Ibiranga igihe cyo gushyushya
Ugereranyije no mu 2022, igiciro cy'amashanyarazi hagati ya 14h00 na 18h00 cyariyongereyeho hafi 0.07 yuan kuri kWh. Uko iminsi mikuru yaba iri kose, igihe cyo gushyushya gikomeje kuba kimwe, bigaragaza ingaruka z'ibiciro ku myitwarire yo gushyushya.
2. Ibiranga Igihe cyo Gushyushya Rimwe
Ingano y'ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi rimwe ikoresha 25.2 kWh, imara iminota 47.1, kandi igura yuan 24.7. Ingano y'ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi rimwe ku mashini zishyushya vuba ni 2.72 kWh hejuru ugereranyije n'izishyushya buhoro, bigaragaza ko icyifuzo cyo gusharija vuba cyiyongera.
3. Ibiranga Imikoreshereze ya Fast andGushyushya buhoro
Abakoresha benshi, harimo imodoka zigenga, izitwara abantu ku giti cyabo, izitwara tagisi, izicuruza, n'izikora, bakunze kwita ku gihe cyo gushyushya. Ubwoko butandukanye bw'imodoka bukoresha chargeur yihuta kandi yihuta mu bihe bitandukanye, aho imodoka zikora cyane cyane zikoresha chargeur yihuta.
4. Ibiranga ikoreshwa ry'ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu kigo cyo gusharija
Abakoresha bakunze guhitamo charger zifite ingufu nyinshi zirenze 120kW, aho 74.7% bahitamo izo nyubako, ubwiyongere bwa 2.7% ugereranije n’umwaka wa 2022. Igipimo cy’charger zirenze 270kW nacyo kirimo kwiyongera.
5. Guhitamo aho gushyushya
Abakoresha bakunda sitasiyo zifite uburenganzira bwo guparika ku buntu cyangwa igihe gito. Igipimo cy’ubwubatsi bwa sitasiyo zifite charger 11-30 cyaragabanutse, bigaragaza ko abakoresha bakunze sitasiyo nto, zitatanye zifite ibikoresho bizifasha guhaza ibyifuzo byo gushyushya no kugabanya impungenge zo "gutegereza igihe kirekire".
6. Ibiranga gusharija hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye
Abakoresha barenga 90% bakoresha uburyo bwo gushyushya ibikoresho bitandukanye, aho impuzandengo y’abakoresha 7 n’abakoresha 71 ntarengwa. Ibi bigaragaza ko serivisi z’umukoresha umwe zidashobora guhaza ibyo abakoresha bakeneye, kandi hari icyifuzo kinini cy’ibikoresho byo gushyushya ibikoresho bivanze.
7. Ibiranga uburyo bwo gushyushya imodoka mu Mujyi unyuze hagati
38.5% by'abakoresha batanga serivisi zo gushyushya imijyi itandukanye, byiyongereyeho amanota 15 ugereranyije na 23% byo mu 2022. Umubare w'abakoresha batanga serivisi zo gushyushya imijyi hagati ya 4 na 5 nawo wariyongereye, bigaragaza ko urugendo rw'ingendo rwagutse.
8. Ibiranga SOC Mbere na Nyuma yo Gushyushya
37.1% by'abakoresha batangira gusharija iyo bateri ya SOC iri munsi ya 30%, bikaba byaragabanutse cyane ugereranije na 62% by'umwaka ushize, bigaragaza ko umuyoboro wo gusharija warushijeho kuba mwiza kandi "agahinda ko mu gihe cyo gushakisha" karagabanutse. 75.2% by'abakoresha bahagarika gusharija iyo SOC iri hejuru ya 80%, bigaragaza ko abakoresha bazi neza imikorere myiza yo gusharija.
IV. Isesengura ry'uburyo umukoresha anyurwa n'uburyo akoresha akoresha
1. Amakuru asobanutse kandi y'ukuri kuri porogaramu yo gusharija
77.4% by'abakoresha bahangayikishijwe cyane n'uburyo ahantu ho gushyurira hakiri hasi. Abarenga kimwe cya kabiri cy'abakoresha basanga porogaramu zifite abakoresha bake bakorana cyangwa ahantu hadakwiye ho gushyurira ibyuma zibangamira gusharija kwazo kwa buri munsi.
2. Umutekano no Guhagarara neza mu Gusharija
71.2% by'abakoresha bahangayikishijwe n'amashanyarazi adahindagurika n'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi mu bikoresho bishyaja. Byongeye kandi, ibibazo nk'ingaruka zo kuva kw'amazi no kubura amashanyarazi bitunguranye mu gihe cyo gushaja nabyo bihangayikishije kimwe cya kabiri cy'abakoresha.
3. Urusobe rw'umuyoboro wo gusana (Charging Network) rwuzuye
70.6% by'abakoresha bagaragaza ikibazo cy'uko umuyoboro wa interineti ukiri hasi, abarenga kimwe cya kabiri bagaragaje ko umuyoboro wa interineti wa internet utari mwiza cyane. Hakenewe kunoza umuyoboro wa interineti wa internet wa internet.
4. Imicungire ya sitasiyo zo gushyushya
79.2% by'abakoresha lisansi bavuga ko ikibazo gikomeye ari ukwigarurira ibinyabiziga bikoresha lisansi ahantu ho gusharija. Inzego zitandukanye z'ibanze zashyizeho politiki yo gukemura iki kibazo, ariko ikibazo kiracyahari.
5. Gushyira mu gaciro amafaranga yo kwishyuza
Abakoresha bahangayikishijwe cyane cyane n'amafaranga menshi yo kwishyuza n'amafaranga yo gutanga serivisi, ndetse n'ibikorwa byo kwamamaza bidasobanutse neza. Uko umubare w'imodoka zigenga wiyongera, amafaranga ya serivisi ajyana n'uburambe bwo kwishyuza, hamwe n'amafaranga menshi yo gutanga serivisi nziza.
6. Imiterere y'ibikoresho byo kwishyuza amafaranga mu mijyi
49% by'abakoresha bishimiye uburyo bwo kwishyuza mu mijyi. Abarenga 50% by'abakoresha bizeye ko bazakoresha uburyo bworoshye bwo kwishyuza hafi y'amaduka, bigatuma kwishyuza aho ugiye gukorera ari ingenzi mu miyoboro y'itumanaho.
7. Kwishyuza abaturage mu buryo rusange
Abakoresha bibanda ku koroshya ahantu ho gushyurira. Ishyirahamwe ry’abakoresha Charging Alliance n’Ikigo cy’Ubushinwa gishinzwe igenamigambi n’igishushanyo mbonera byashyize ahagaragara raporo y’inyigo yo gushyurira abaturage kugira ngo bateze imbere iyubakwa ry’aho gushyurira abaturage.
8. Gucanira imodoka mu muhanda munini
Mu bihe byo gushyushya imodoka mu muhanda, abakoresha bagira impungenge zo gushyushya imodoka cyane cyane mu biruhuko. Kuvugurura no kuvugurura ibikoresho byo gushyushya imodoka mu muhanda bikajya mu mashini zikoresha ingufu nyinshi bizagabanya buhoro buhoro iyi mpungenge.
V. Ibyifuzo by'iterambere
1. Kunoza Imiterere y'Ibikorwaremezo byo Gusharija
Guhuza iyubakwa ry'umuyoboro umwe wo gusharija mu mijyi no mu byaro kugira ngo kunoze imiterere y'ibikorwa remezo byo gusharija no guhaza ibyifuzo by'abakoresha.
2. Kunoza uburyo bwo gushyushya amafaranga mu baturage
Suzuma uburyo bwo "kubaka buhuriweho, gukorana hamwe, serivisi zihuriweho" kugira ngo wongere uburyo bwo kubaka ahantu ho gushyuza amafaranga rusange mu baturage, wongere uburyo bwo korohereza abaturage.
3. Kubaka ahantu ho kubika no gushyushya imirasire y'izuba hifashishijwe imirasire y'izuba
Guteza imbere iyubakwa ry’ahantu ho kubika no gushyushya imirasire y’izuba kugira ngo habeho amahame amwe y’inganda, binoze uburyo bwo gushyushya imirasire burambye.
4. Guhanga udushya mu mikorere y'ibikoresho byo gusharija
Guteza imbere uburyo bwo gutanga amanota ku bigo bitanga amashanyarazi, gutangaza amahame agenga ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi n'isuzuma rya sitasiyo, no kuyashyira mu bikorwa buhoro buhoro kugira ngo kunoze ireme rya serivisi.
5. Guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo byo gusarija hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga
Gushyira mu bikorwa ibikorwa remezo byo gusharija neza kugira ngo bikomeze imikoranire hagati y'ibinyabiziga n'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi ndetse no guteza imbere ubufatanye.
6. Kongera uburyo bwo guhuza ikigo rusange cyo kwishyurira amafaranga
Kongera imbaraga mu guhuza ibikorwa byo kwishyuza amafaranga rusange kugira ngo hongerwe ubushobozi bw'ubufatanye bw'uruhererekane rw'inganda n'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima.
7. Gutanga serivisi zitandukanye zo gushyushya
Uko umubare w’abafite imodoka wiyongera, ubwoko butandukanye bw’abafite imodoka n’ibintu bitandukanye bisaba serivisi zitandukanye zo gusharija. Tera inkunga yo gushakisha uburyo bushya bw’ubucuruzi bukwiriye abakoresha imodoka nshya bakeneye gusharija.
Twandikire:
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-05-2024
