Nk'igice cy'ingenzi cy'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, sisitemu za photovoltaic (PV) zigenda zishingira cyane ku mibare isanzwe y'ikoranabuhanga (IT) hamwe n'ibikorwa remezo by'umuyoboro w'itumanaho kugira ngo bikore kandi bibungabungwe. Ariko, uku kwishingikiriza ku miyoboro y'amashanyarazi bituma sisitemu za PV zihura n'ibibazo byinshi ndetse n'ibyago byo kugaba ibitero by'ikoranabuhanga.
Ku ya 1 Gicurasi, itangazamakuru ryo mu Buyapani Sankei Shimbun ryatangaje ko abajura b’amayeri bibye ibikoresho bigera kuri 800 bigenzura ibikoresho bikoresha imirasire y’izuba biri kure, bimwe muri byo bikaba byarakoreshejwe nabi kugira ngo byibe konti za banki kandi bibe amafaranga yabitswe. Abajura b’amayeri bigaruriye ibi bikoresho mu gihe cy’igitero cya interineti kugira ngo bahishe umwirondoro wabo kuri interineti. Iki gishobora kuba ari cyo gitero cya mbere cyemejwe ku mugaragaro ku isi ku bikorwa remezo by’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba,harimo n'aho gushyurira.
Nk’uko bivugwa n’uruganda rukora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, Contec, igikoresho cyo kugenzura gikoresha SolarView Compact cya sosiyete cyakoreshejwe nabi. Iki gikoresho gihujwe na interineti kandi gikoreshwa n’amasosiyete akoresha ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi kugira ngo akurikirane ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi no gutahura ibintu bitari byo. Contec imaze kugurisha ibikoresho bigera ku 10.000, ariko kugeza mu 2020, bigera kuri 800 muri byo bifite inenge mu gusubiza ibitero by’ikoranabuhanga.
Bivugwa ko abagabye igitero bakoresheje uburyo bwo kwirinda (CVE-2022-29303) bwavumbuwe na Palo Alto Networks muri Kamena 2023 kugira ngo bakwirakwize botnet ya Mirai. Abagabye igitero banashyize "videwo y'inyigisho" kuri Youtube ku buryo bwo kwirinda gukoresha uburyo bwo kwirinda kuri sisitemu ya SolarView.
Abajura bakoresheje iryo kosa mu kwinjira mu bikoresho byo kugenzura biri kure no gushyiraho gahunda "z’inyuma" zatumye binjizwa hanze. Bakoresheje ibyo bikoresho kugira ngo bahuze na banki zo kuri interineti mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko kandi bohereze amafaranga ava kuri konti z’ibigo by’imari ajya kuri konti z’abajura, bityo biba amafaranga. Nyuma yaho Contec yasubijeho ikibazo ku ya 18 Nyakanga 2023.
Ku ya 7 Gicurasi 2024, Contec yemeje ko ibikoresho byo kugenzura biri kure byahuye n’igitero gishya kandi isaba imbabazi ku bw’ingorane zabaye. Isosiyete yamenyesheje abakora ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi ikibazo kandi ibasaba kuvugurura porogaramu y’ibikoresho kugira ngo ijyane na verisiyo igezweho.
Mu kiganiro n'abasesenguzi, ikigo cy’umutekano w’ikoranabuhanga cyo muri Koreya y'Epfo S2W cyavuze ko uwateguye iki gitero ari itsinda ry’abajura b’amayeri ryitwa Arsenal Depository. Muri Mutarama 2024, S2W yagaragaje ko iri tsinda ryagabye igitero cy’abajura b’amayeri cya "Japan Operation" ku bikorwa remezo by’Ubuyapani nyuma y’uko guverinoma y’Ubuyapani irekuye amazi yanduye aturuka mu ruganda rw’ingufu za kirimbuzi rwa Fukushima.
Ku bijyanye n'impungenge z'abantu ku bijyanye n'uko hashobora kuba inzitizi ku nganda zitanga amashanyarazi, impuguke zavuze ko impamvu y'ubukungu igaragara yatumye bizera ko abagabye igitero batari kwibasira ibikorwa by'amashanyarazi. Thomas Tansy, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa DER Security yagize ati: “Muri iki gitero, abajura bashakaga ibikoresho bya mudasobwa bishobora gukoreshwa mu bujura bw'amayeri.” “Kwiba ibi bikoresho ntaho bitandukaniye no kwiba kamera y'inganda, router yo mu rugo cyangwa ikindi gikoresho icyo ari cyo cyose gihujwe.”
Ariko, ingaruka zishobora guterwa n’ibitero nk’ibyo ni nyinshi cyane. Thomas Tansy yongeyeho ati: "Ariko niba intego y’umujura w’amayeri ihinduka gusenya umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi, birashoboka rwose gukoresha ibi bikoresho bitarashyirwa mu bikorwa kugira ngo bikore ibitero byinshi byangiza (nko guhagarika umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi) kuko uwateye yamaze kwinjira muri sisitemu neza kandi bakeneye kwiga gusa ubumenyi bwinshi mu bijyanye n’amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic."
Umuyobozi w’ikipe ya Secura, Wilem Westerhof, yagaragaje ko kwinjira muri sisitemu yo kugenzura bizatanga uburenganzira bwo kugera ku rwego runaka ku ishyirwaho ry’ingufu za photovoltaic, kandi ushobora kugerageza gukoresha ubu buryo bwo kwibasira ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose kiri mu muyoboro umwe. Westerhof yanaburiye ko imiyoboro minini ya photovoltaic ikunze kugira sisitemu yo kugenzura. Iyo ifashwe, abajura bashobora gufata uruganda rurenze rumwe rw’amashanyarazi rwa photovoltaic, bagafunga cyangwa bagafungura ibikoresho bya photovoltaic, kandi bakagira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere y’umuyoboro wa photovoltaic.
Impuguke mu by’umutekano zigaragaza ko umutungo kamere w’ingufu zikwirakwizwa (DER) ugizwe n’imirasire y’izuba uhura n’ibibazo bikomeye by’umutekano w’ikoranabuhanga, kandi inverters zikoresha ingufu z’amashanyarazi zikomoka kuri photovoltaic zigira uruhare runini muri ibyo bikorwa remezo. Iyi ya nyuma ishinzwe guhindura umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi uturuka ku mirasire y’izuba ukajya mu muyoboro usimburana ukoreshwa n’imirasire y’izuba, kandi ni yo ihuriro rya sisitemu yo kugenzura imiyoboro y’izuba. Inverters zigezweho zifite imikorere y’itumanaho kandi zishobora guhuzwa na serivisi z’umuyoboro w’izuba cyangwa serivisi z’ibicu, ibyo byongera ibyago byo kwibasirwa n’ibi bikoresho. Inverter yangiritse ntabwo izabangamira gusa umusaruro w’ingufu, ahubwo izateza n’ibibazo bikomeye by’umutekano no kwangiza ubuziranenge bw’umuyoboro wose w’ingufu.
Ikigo gishinzwe amashanyarazi cyo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru (NERC) cyaburiye ko inenge mu byuma bitanga ingufu zitanga ingufu zikomoka ku mashanyarazi (inverters) zishobora guteza "akaga gakomeye" ku buryo amashanyarazi menshi atangwa mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga (BPS) adashobora kugerwaho neza kandi bishobora gutera "ibura ry'amashanyarazi rikabije." Minisiteri y'Ingufu muri Amerika yaburiye mu 2022 ko ibitero bya interineti ku byuma bitanga ingufu bishobora kugabanya ubwizigirwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi.
Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi kuri ibi, twandikire.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-08-2024
