Ubunararibonye mu nganda zitanga umusaruro mwinshi: Politiki, ikoranabuhanga n'isoko bitanga amahirwe mashya

Imiterere y'inganda: Kunoza urwego n'imiterere

Dukurikije imibare iheruka yavuye mu ishyirahamwe ry’ubucuruzi bw’amashanyarazi ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa (EVCIPA), mu mpera za 2023, umubare w’amashanyarazi yose mu Bushinwa wari wararenzemiliyoni 9, aho imigozi yo gushyushya amafaranga rusange igera kuri 35% naho imigozi yo gushyushya amafaranga ku giti cyayo igera kuri 65%. Umubare w'imigozi mishya yo gushyushya amafaranga yashyizweho mu 2023 wiyongereyeho ibirenga 65% uko umwaka ugenda uhita, bigaragaza iterambere rikomeye ry'inganda.

Mu rwego rw'ubutaka, kubaka ibikorwa remezo byo gushyushya byagiye bikura buhoro buhoro kuva mu mijyi yo mu cyiciro cya mbere nka Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, na Shenzhen kugera mu mijyi yo mu cyiciro cya kabiri n'icya gatatu ndetse no mu masoko yo ku rwego rw'uturere. Intara zateye imbere nka Guangdong, Jiangsu, na Zhejiang ni zo ziyoboye igihugu mu gushyushya ibirundo, mu gihe uturere two hagati n'utw'iburengerazuba na two turimo kwihutisha ishyirwa ryabyo. Byongeye kandi, igipimo cy'ibirundo byo gushyushya byihuta cyariyongereye cyane, aho ibirundo byo gushyushya bifite ingufu nyinshi (120kW no hejuru) byiyongereye kuva kuri 20% muri 2021 kugera kuri 45% muri 2023, bigabanya impungenge z'abakoresha.

Inkunga ya Politiki: Igishushanyo mbonera cyo ku rwego rwo hejuru cyihutisha iterambere ry'inganda

Iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda zikora ibyuma bishyushya rishyigikiwe cyane na politiki z’igihugu. Mu 2023, Ibiro Bikuru by’Inama Nkuru ya Leta byasohoyeAmabwiriza yo gukomeza kubaka sisitemu y'ibikorwa remezo byo gusharija neza, gushyiraho intego isobanutse yo kugera kuigipimo cy'imodoka ku kiziga cya 2:1 bitarenze 2025no kugenzura ko ibikoresho byo kwishyuza bikorerwa mu duce dutanga serivisi zo mu muhanda.

Inzego z'ibanze nazo zasubije mu buryo bufatika ingamba zishyigikira:

• Beijingitanga inkunga igera kuri 30% yo kubaka ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza amafaranga rusange kandi ishishikariza ibigo n'ibigo gusangira amafaranga yabo yo kwishyuza imbere.
• Intara ya Guangdongirateganya gushyiraho imiyoboro mishya yo gusharija irenga miliyoni imwe mu gihe cya gahunda y’imyaka itanu ya 14, hibandwa ku kunoza imiyoboro yo gusharija imijyi n’ibyaro.
• Intara ya Sichuanyatangije gahunda ya "Gutanga Amapine yo Gushyushya mu Cyaro" yo guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo byo gushyushya mu cyaro. Byongeye kandi, Komisiyo y'Igihugu Ishinzwe Iterambere n'Ivugurura yashyize amapine yo gushyushya mu rutonde rw'imishinga y'ingenzi y'"ibikorwa remezo bishya", aho ishoramari ryose mu nganda ryitezwe kurenzamiliyari 120 z'amayuanmu myaka itatu iri imbere, bizashyira imbaraga nyinshi muri urwo rwego.
  

  Udushya mu ikoranabuhanga: Ibisubizo by'ubwenge n'ibidukikije bizayobora ejo hazaza

  1. Iterambere mu Ikoranabuhanga ryo Gusharija ryihuse cyane
     Ibigo bikomeye nka CATL na Huawei byashyize ahagaragaraIbikoresho bishyushya vuba cyane bifite imbaraga za 600kW, bigatuma "gutanga amashanyarazi y'iminota 5 ku ntera ya kilometero 300." Sitasiyo za Tesla V4 Supercharger nazo zashyizwe mu mijyi myinshi yo mu Bushinwa, birushaho kunoza imikorere yo gutanga amashanyarazi.
  2. Uburyo bwo Gukoresha Imirasire y'Izuba mu Gutunganya no Gushyushya
     Ibigo nka BYD na Teld birimo gushakisha uburyo bwo gushyushya ibidukikije buhuza ingufu z'izuba, kubika ingufu, no gushyushya, bigabanyije cyane imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Urugero, sitasiyo y'icyitegererezo i Shenzhen ishobora kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ho toni 150 buri mwaka.
  3. Gusharija mu buryo bw'ubwenge n'ikoranabuhanga rya V2G
     Sisitemu zo gucunga imitwaro yo gusharija zikoresha AI zinoza imbaraga zo gusharija kugira ngo hirindwe umutwaro mwinshi w’amashanyarazi. Abakora imodoka nka NIO na XPeng bashyizeho ikoranabuhanga rya Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), rituma amashanyarazi asubizwa kuri grid mu masaha atari ay’umuvuduko, binongera imikorere myiza y’ingufu.

     Imbogamizi mu nganda: Ibibazo by'inyungu n'ibijyanye n'ubuziranenge

     Nubwo hari amahirwe menshi yo gutanga amashanyarazi, inganda zikora ubucuruzi bw’ibirundo ziracyafite imbogamizi nyinshi:

     1. Ibibazo by'inyunguUretse ahantu hakoreshwa cyane, inyinshi mu nganda zishyuza amafaranga zihura n’ikibazo cyo gukoresha amafaranga make, bigatuma abakora akazi bagorwa no kubona inyungu.
     2. Kutagira Ubuziranenge: Uburyo bwo kwishyuza budahuye, amabwiriza y'itumanaho, na sisitemu zo kwishyura bituma ubunararibonye bw'umukoresha butandukana.
     3. Umuvuduko w'urukuta: Gukoresha cyane imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ikoresha ingufu nyinshi bishobora kubangamira imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi yo mu gace, bigasaba kuvugurura ibikorwa remezo by'amashanyarazi.

     Kugira ngo ibyo bibazo bikemuke, impuguke mu nganda zitanga inama yo gukoreshaIngero z' "ubwubatsi n'imikorere bihuriweho", uburyo bwo guhindura ibiciro, hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga ry'uruganda rw'amashanyarazi rukoresha ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo rwongere imikorere myiza no kunoza ubunararibonye bw'abakoresha.

     Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza: Iterambere ry'Isi n'Urusobe rw'Ibidukikije

     Ibigo by’Abashinwa byo gushyushya ibikoresho birimo kwihutisha kwaguka kwabyo ku isi yose. Mu 2023, ibigo nka Star Charge na Wanbang New Energy byabonye ko ibicuruzwa byo mu mahanga mu Burayi no mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bwa Aziya byiyongeraho hejuru ya 150% uko umwaka utashye. Hagati aho, imishinga ya Huawei Digital Power yo gushyushya ibikoresho byihuse cyane mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati igaragaza ingaruka zikomeje kwiyongera ku isi mu ikoranabuhanga ry’Abashinwa.

     Mu gihugu imbere, inganda zikora akazi ko gushyushya imigozi zirimo kuva ku buryo bworoshye bwo gutanga ingufu zijya ku mwanya w'ingenzi mu bijyanye n'ingufu zigezweho. Hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga nka V2G n'ingufu zikwirakwizwa, imigozi ishyushya imigozi izaba igice cy'ingenzi cy'imigozi igezweho y'ikoranabuhanga mu gihe kizaza.