I. Intangiriro y'itumanaho
abakora amamodokayagize ati ： Itumanaho, ryakoresheje kandi ijambo itumanaho, abantu bamwe bemeza ko ibaruwa ari ibisubizo bibogamye, mu gihe amakuru ashyigikira inzira n'inzira, ariko bigaragara ko nta tandukaniro ryinshi riri mu gitekerezo cyo gushyira mu byiciro bidashobora kugenda. Yaba inzandiko cyangwa itumanaho, ni ugukoresha ibimenyetso bitandukanye, nk'amashanyarazi, magnetisme, urumuri, nibindi, kugirango wohereze amakuru kugirango yerekanwe aho yerekeza. Nkurugero rworoshye, niba hari abanyeshuri babiri baba munzu ya 1 ninyubako ya 2, baganira ko nibabona ishati yera, bazasiba amasomo hamwe uyumunsi. Hano harashobora koroshya nkuko, mubihe runaka, ishati yera = gusimbuka icyiciro hamwe, ihuye na protocole y'itumanaho, hiyongereyeho ibikorwa byinshi birimo: 1. kumanika ishati yera 2. Reba ishati yera 3. Umucyo wumunsi uhagije kugirango ubone ishati, bikwiranye nigitekerezo cyitumanaho rya kodegisi, decode, umuyoboro. Nibyo, ubuzima nyabwo bwitumanaho, kugirango bugoye cyane kurenza urugero rwishati yumweru, gukenera kwizerwa, gutuza, ubukungu nibindi bitekerezo kugirango harebwe guhitamo umuyoboro, hamwe nigiciro cyibikoresho bya kodegisi na decode nibindi nibindi, kurugero, dushobora guhitamo 4G ya enterineti yibintu byitumanaho, ariko ikiguzi ni kinini, urashobora kureka bimwe mubitumanaho bya enterineti.
abakora amamodokayagize ati ： Usibye ibikorwa by'ibanze bya protocole, kodegisi n'umuyoboro wavuzwe haruguru, ikibazo cy'ingenzi mu itumanaho rya IOT ni ugukora umubare w'inkomoko n'aho ujya hose amakuru, ni ukuvuga kwerekana NINDE NINDE, binyuze mu mubare ushobora kumenya igikoresho icyo ari cyo cyose ku isi aho ukomoka n'aho ugana, kandi binyuze mu buryo buboneye, kora amakuru ukurikije inzira runaka igomba koherezwa hagati yombi. Ibi byitwa "adresse", bitangirana nuburyo bwo gutanga aderesi, kandi bigakomeza nuburyo bwo kureka ibimenyetso bikabona aho bigana binyuze mumategeko yihariye.
abakora amamodokaati concepts Ibintu bibiri byingenzi byerekana adresse mu itumanaho rya IoT ni aderesi ya IP na aderesi ya MAC. IP adresse ni aderesi ikoreshwa na protocole ya enterineti, mugihe adresse ya MAC niyo aderesi ikoreshwa na protocole ya Ethernet. buri node ya Ethernet ifite adresse yihariye ya 48-biti kwisi yose, iyobowe numuryango wa IEEE, kandi adresse ya MAC yatwitswe muri buri karita y'urusobekerane n'amakarita. Uruganda rukora ikarita yaka adresse ya MAC muri buri karita, aderesi ya MAC irihariye nkumubare wikarita. ikarita yerekana ikarita iri hagati ya aderesi ya MAC na aderesi ya IP ihora yongerwa kandi ikavugururwa na buri gicumbi, gihinduka "imbonerahamwe yerekana ikarita", kandi aderesi ya IP igereranywa nimero yumuryango. Igikoresho rero gifite indangamuntu runaka ya MAC1, irashobora uyumunsi mumuryango wumuryango IP1 kugirango igumeho, irashobora kandi ejo mumuryango wumuryango IP2 kugirango igumeho, igikoresho kimwe cyindangamuntu ya MAC2 nacyo gishobora kuba muri IP1 kugirango kigumeho.
Ugereranije na aderesi ya IP ni URL (Uniform Resoure Locator) adresse, bisobanura Uniform Resource Locator, yerekeza kuri aderesi ya dosiye za interineti kurubuga, URL ikoresha imibare ninyuguti muburyo runaka kugirango umenye aderesi, URL zigomba guhindurwa nimero yumuryango (ni ukuvuga aderesi ya IP) na seriveri ya DNS kugirango ubone aho dosiye ishyirwa kuri seriveri kurubuga.
II. Itumanaho ry'ikinyabiziga
abakora amamodokaati ： 1. URASHOBORA itumanaho hagati yikinyabiziga na DC ikirundo gishingiye kuri GB / T 27930-2023
abakora amamodokaati ： CAN ni impfunyapfunyo ya Network Controller Network Network, yatunganijwe na BOSCH, isosiyete yo mu Budage izwiho guteza imbere no gukora ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki, hanyuma amaherezo iba urwego mpuzamahanga (ISO11898), kandi ni imwe muri bisi zikoreshwa cyane ku isi. Muri Amerika ya Ruguru hamwe n’Uburayi bw’iburengerazuba, protocole ya bisi ya CAN yahindutse bisi isanzwe ya sisitemu yo kugenzura mudasobwa no gushyiramo LAN igenzura inganda, kandi ifite protocole J1939 yagenewe amakamyo manini n’imodoka ziremereye hamwe na CAN nka protocole ishingiyeho.
abakora amamodokaati ： Kugeza ubu, Ubushinwa n’Ubuyapani bikoresha itumanaho rya bisi muri DC kwishyuza byihuse. Mubisanzwe, imigendekere rusange yumuriro wa DC isobanurwa gutya: kurangiza guhuza umubiri - imbaraga nkeya zingufu zingirakamaro - kwishyuza ukuboko - kuboneza ibipimo - kwishyuza - itumanaho mbere yimpera - kurangiza kwishyuza.
abakora amamodokaati ： Nyuma y’umuvuduko muke wafashaga ingufu, imodoka hamwe nikirundo byinjira mubyiciro byitumanaho kugeza birangiye. Mubikorwa byose byitumanaho, ibinyabiziga namakuru yohererezanya ikirundo hagati yundi, twita "ubutumwa", ibikurikira bishingiye ku ncamake y’ubusobanuro bw’ubutumwa bw’igihugu, butangirana na C ku makuru y’ikirundo cyo kwishyuza, B itangirana n’imodoka VCU, amakuru ya BMS, binyuze muri ibyo bisobanuro, dushobora kumenya ko inzira yo kwishyuza, imodoka y’amashanyarazi hamwe n’ikirundo hafi y’ibikenewe guhanahana hagati yabo.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-01-2024
