I. Intangiriro yo gutumanaho
Abakora Imodoka Abakora Sitasiyoyagize ati: Itumanaho, naryo ryakoresheje ijambo itumanaho, abantu bamwe bizera ko ibaruwa ibogamye ibisubizo n'inzira, ariko nta tandukaniro ryinshi mu gitekerezo cyo gushyira mu byiciro ntibishobora gutotezwa. Yaba ari inzandiko cyangwa itumanaho, ni ugukoresha ibimenyetso bitandukanye, nkamashanyarazi, magnetism, urumuri, nibindi, kugirango dushyikirize amakuru kugirango tugaragarizwe aho ujya. Nkurugero rworoshye, niba hari abanyeshuri babiri baba mu kubaka 1 no kubaka 2, baraganira kuri uko babonye ishati yera, bazasimbuka itsinda hamwe uyu munsi. Hano hashobora koroshya nkuko, mubice runaka, ishati yera = ihuye na protocole itumanaho, usibye ibikorwa byinshi birimo: 1. Reba Ishati yera 3 kugirango ubone Ishati, muburyo, bihuye nicyerekezo cyitumanaho cya kodegisi, decoding, umuyoboro. Birumvikana ko ubuzima nyabwo bwitumanaho, bugoye cyane kuruta urugero rwishati yera, gukenera kwizerwa, gukurikiranwa, ubukungu nibindi bitekerezo byo gusuzuma uburyo bwo guhitamo umuyoboro, kimwe nigiciro cya kodegisi no gushushanya Ibikoresho nibindi, kurugero, turashobora guhitamo 4G rya enterineti yibintu, ariko ikiguzi kiri hejuru, urashobora kureka bimwe mubiti, kugirango uhitemo gpes, kugirango uhitemo GPRS ya interineti.
Abakora Imodoka Abakora Sitasiyoyagize ati: Usibye ibikorwa by'ibanze bya protocole, koden hamwe n'umuyoboro w'ingenzi mu itumanaho n'ibanze ku nkomoko n'aho ariho, binyuze mu mubare irashobora kumenya igikoresho icyo aricyo cyose mwisi ku nkomoko n'aho ujya, kandi binyuze mu buryo bureba, kora amakuru ukurikije inzira runaka igomba koherezwa hagati yombi. Ibi byitwa "Aderesi", bitangirana nuburyo bwo guha aderesi, kandi bikomeza uburyo bwo kureka ibimenyetso bibona adresse kubijyanye namategeko yihariye.
Abakora Imodoka Abakora Sitasiyoyagize ati: Ibitekerezo bibiri byingenzi bifatika mu itumanaho rya iot ni aderesi ya IP na Mac adresse. Aderesi ya IP ni aderesi ikoreshwa na enterineti, mugihe adresse ya mac ni adresse ikoreshwa na protocole ya ethernet. Buri node ya Ethernet ifite aderesi idasanzwe 48-bit iyobowe numuryango wa Iee, kandi aderesi ya Mac yatwitse kuri buri karito yurusobe. Urusobe rw'urusobe rwabanjirije Mac adresse kuri buri karita, aderesi ya Mac irihariye nkumubare wikarita ndangamuntu. Gushushanya umurongo hagati ya aderesi ya MAC na aderesi ya IP burigihe byiyongera kandi bivugururwa na buri ngabo, ihinduka "adresse ya adresse igereranywa numubare wumuryango. Igikoresho rero gifite ikarita imwe ya mac1, uyumunsi urashobora kuba mumuryango IP1 Kugumaho, irashobora kandi guma, igikoresho kimwe cya Mac2 kirashobora kandi kuba muri IP1 kuguma.
Ugereranije na ip adresses ni URL (OcAtor ya Uniforence) ikemura), bivuze ko ihererekanyabubasha rya dosiye ya interineti kurubuga, URL zikoresha imibare, URL zigomba guhindurwa kumubare wumuryango (ni ukuvuga, aderesi ya IP) na DNS seriveri kugirango ubone aho dosiye ishyizwe kuri seriveri kurubuga.
II. Itumanaho ry'imodoka
Abakora Imodoka Abakora Sitasiyoyagize ati: 1. Irashobora gushyikirana hagati yimodoka na dc ikirundo ukurikije gb / t 27930-2023
Abakora Imodoka Abakora Sitasiyoyagize ati: Irashobora amagambo ahinnye y'umugenzuzi w'umugenzuzi, watejwe imbere na Bosch, isosiyete y'ibicuruzwa by'Ubudage izwi cyane ku iterambere no gutanga umusaruro w'imodoka, hanyuma amaherezo ahinduka urwego mpuzamahanga (Iso10898), kandi ni umwe mu murima wakoreshejwe cyane Bisi ku isi. Muri Amerika ya Ruguru no mu Burayi bw'iburengerazuba, Porotokole ya bisi yahindutse bisi isanzwe yo kugenzura ibinyabiziga no kugenzura inganda zashyizwe ku makamyo manini n'imodoka zikomeye zikoreshwa nka protocole.
Abakora Imodoka Abakora SitasiyoAti: Kugeza kuri ubu, Ubushinwa n'Ubuyapani gukoresha bisi birashobora gutumanaho bisi muri DC Kwishyuza byihuse. Mu rugero rwacu, urujya n'uruza rwa DC rusobanurwa ku buryo bukurikira: Kurangiza Imbaraga z'umubiri - Imbaraga zifasha-voltage - Kwishyuza - Kurangiza kwishyuza.
Abakora Imodoka Abakora Sitasiyoyagize ati: Nyuma ya voltage nkeya yafashaga imbaraga, imodoka na piri bandika icyiciro cyitumanaho kugeza imperuka. Mubikorwa byose byitumanaho, ibinyabiziga hamwe namakuru yo kohereza ibirundo hagati yabo, turabyita "ubutumwa", ibikurikira bishingiye ku makuru y'igihugu y'ibinyabuzima, B itangirana n'imodoka VCU, kuri bms amakuru, binyuze muri ibi bisobanuro, dushobora kumenya ko inzira yo kwishyuza, ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi no kwishyuza ikirundo hafi y'ibikenewe kungurana ibitekerezo hagati yabo.
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Igihe cya nyuma: Aug-01-2024
