I. Intangiriro y'itumanaho
abakora sitasiyo yimodokayagize ati ： Itumanaho, ryakoresheje kandi ijambo itumanaho, abantu bamwe bemeza ko ibaruwa ari ibisubizo bibogamye, mu gihe amakuru ashyigikira inzira n'inzira, ariko bigaragara ko nta tandukaniro ryinshi riri mu gitekerezo cyo gushyira mu byiciro bidashobora kugenda. Yaba inzandiko cyangwa itumanaho, ni ugukoresha ibimenyetso bitandukanye, nk'amashanyarazi, magnetisme, urumuri, nibindi, kugirango wohereze amakuru kugirango yerekanwe aho yerekeza. Nkurugero rworoshye, niba hari abanyeshuri babiri baba munzu ya 1 ninyubako ya 2, baganira ko nibabona ishati yera, bazasiba amasomo hamwe uyumunsi. Hano harashobora koroshya nk, mubihe runaka, ishati yera = gusimbuka icyiciro hamwe, ihuye na protocole y'itumanaho, hiyongereyeho ibikorwa byinshi birimo: 1. kumanika ishati yera 2. reba ishati yera 3. urumuri rwumunsi bihagije kugirango ubone ishati, ikurikiranye, ihuye nigitekerezo cyitumanaho rya kodegisi, decoding, umuyoboro. Birumvikana ko ubuzima nyabwo bwitumanaho, kuba bugoye cyane kuruta urugero rwishati yumweru, gukenera kwizerwa, gushikama, ubukungu nibindi bitekerezo kugirango harebwe guhitamo umuyoboro, hamwe nigiciro cya kodegisi na decode ibikoresho nibindi, kurugero, turashobora guhitamo 4G ya enterineti yibintu byitumanaho, ariko ikiguzi ni kinini, urashobora kureka bimwe bihamye, kugirango uhitemo GPRS Internet itumanaho.
abakora sitasiyo yimodokayagize ati ： Usibye ibikorwa by'ibanze bya protocole, kodegisi n'umuyoboro wavuzwe haruguru, ikibazo cy'ingenzi mu itumanaho rya IOT ni ugukora umubare w’inkomoko n’aho amakuru ayo ari yo yose, ni ukuvuga kwerekana neza NINDE NINDE, ukoresheje umubare Irashobora kumenya igikoresho icyo aricyo cyose kwisi aho ikomoka n'aho igana, kandi binyuze muburyo bukwiye, gukora amakuru ukurikije inzira runaka igomba koherezwa hagati yombi. Ibi byitwa "adresse", bitangirana nuburyo bwo gutanga aderesi, kandi bigakomeza nuburyo bwo kureka ibimenyetso bikabona aho bigana binyuze mumategeko yihariye.
abakora sitasiyo yimodokaati concepts Ibintu bibiri byingenzi byerekana adresse mu itumanaho rya IoT ni aderesi ya IP na aderesi ya MAC. IP adresse ni aderesi ikoreshwa na protocole ya enterineti, mugihe adresse ya MAC niyo aderesi ikoreshwa na protocole ya Ethernet. buri node ya Ethernet ifite adresse yihariye ya 48-biti kwisi yose, iyobowe numuryango wa IEEE, kandi adresse ya MAC yatwitswe muri buri karita y'urusobekerane n'amakarita. Uruganda rukora ikarita yaka adresse ya MAC muri buri karita, aderesi ya MAC irihariye nkumubare wikarita. ikarita yerekana ikarita iri hagati ya aderesi ya MAC na aderesi ya IP ihora yongerwa kandi ikavugururwa na buri gicumbi, gihinduka "imbonerahamwe yerekana ikarita", kandi aderesi ya IP igereranywa nimero yumuryango. Igikoresho rero gifite indangamuntu runaka ya MAC1, irashobora uyumunsi mumuryango wumuryango IP1 kugirango igumeho, irashobora kandi ejo mumuryango wumuryango IP2 kugirango igumeho, igikoresho kimwe cyindangamuntu ya MAC2 nacyo gishobora kuba muri IP1 kugirango kigumeho.
Ugereranije na aderesi ya IP ni URL (Uniform Resoure Locator) adresse, bisobanura Uniform Resource Locator, yerekeza kuri aderesi ya dosiye ya interineti kurubuga, URL ikoresha imibare ninyuguti muburyo runaka kugirango umenye aderesi, URL zigomba guhindurwa nimero yumuryango (ni ukuvuga aderesi ya IP) na seriveri ya DNS kugirango ubone aho dosiye ishyirwa kuri seriveri kurubuga.
II. Itumanaho ry'ikinyabiziga
abakora sitasiyo yimodokaati ： 1. URASHOBORA itumanaho hagati yikinyabiziga na DC ikirundo gishingiye kuri GB / T 27930-2023
abakora sitasiyo yimodokaati ： CAN ni impfunyapfunyo ya Network Controller Area Network, yatunganijwe na BOSCH, isosiyete yo mu Budage izwiho guteza imbere no gukora ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki, hanyuma amaherezo iba urwego mpuzamahanga (ISO11898), kandi ni umwe mu murima ukoreshwa cyane bisi kwisi. Muri Amerika ya Ruguru hamwe n’Uburayi bw’iburengerazuba, protocole ya bisi ya CAN yahindutse bisi isanzwe ya sisitemu yo kugenzura mudasobwa no gushyiramo LAN igenzura inganda, kandi ifite protocole J1939 yagenewe amakamyo manini n’imodoka ziremereye hamwe na CAN nka protocole ishingiyeho.
abakora sitasiyo yimodokaati ： Kugeza ubu, Ubushinwa n’Ubuyapani bikoresha itumanaho rya bisi muri DC kwishyuza byihuse. Mubisanzwe, imigendekere rusange yumuriro wa DC isobanurwa gutya: kurangiza guhuza umubiri - imbaraga nkeya zingufu zingirakamaro - kwishyuza ukuboko - kuboneza ibipimo - kwishyuza - itumanaho mbere yimpera - kurangiza kwishyuza.
abakora sitasiyo yimodokaati ： Nyuma y’umuvuduko muke wafashaga ingufu, imodoka hamwe nikirundo byinjira mubyiciro byitumanaho kugeza birangiye. Mubikorwa byose byitumanaho, ibinyabiziga namakuru yohererezanya ikirundo hagati yacu, twita "ubutumwa", ibikurikira bishingiye ku ncamake yubusobanuro bwubutumwa bwigihugu bwigihugu, butangirana na C kubisobanuro byikirundo, B bitangirana nibinyabiziga Amakuru ya VCU, BMS, dukoresheje ibi bisobanuro, turashobora kumenya ko inzira yo kwishyuza, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi hamwe nikirundo cyumuriro hafi y'ibigomba guhanahana hagati yabo.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-01-2024
