Ukeneye imbaraga za AC cyangwa DC? Ubuyobozi Bwuzuye bwo Guhitamo Ubwoko Bwubu

Mwisi yacu yamashanyarazi, gusobanukirwa niba ukeneye Ubundi buryo (AC) cyangwa Direct Current (DC) imbaraga nibyingenzi mugukoresha ibikoresho neza, umutekano, kandi bidahenze. Ubu buryo bwimbitse bwerekana itandukaniro ryibanze hagati ya AC na DC, ibyifuzo byabo, nuburyo bwo kumenya ubwoko bwubu bujyanye nibyo ukeneye byihariye.

Gusobanukirwa imbaraga za AC na DC

Itandukaniro ryibanze

Kugereranya Umuhengeri

• AC: Umuhengeri wa Sine (usanzwe), kwaduka kwaduka, cyangwa byahinduwe na sine
• DC: Flat umurongo wa voltage (pulsed DC ibaho kubisabwa bimwe)

Mugihe Ukeneye Byukuri Imbaraga za AC

1. Ibikoresho byo murugo

Amazu menshi yakira ingufu za AC kuko:

• Ibikorwa remezo byumurage: Yashizweho kuri AC kuva Intambara Yumuyaga
• Guhuza impinduka: Guhindura voltage byoroshye
• Imikorere ya moteri: Moteri ya induction ya AC iroroshye / ihendutse

Ibikoresho bisaba AC:

• Firigo
• Icyuma gikonjesha
• Imashini imesa
• Amatara maremare
• Ibikoresho gakondo

2. Ibikoresho byinganda

Inganda zishingiye kuri AC kuri:

• Imbaraga zibyiciro bitatu(imikorere ihanitse)
• Moteri nini(byoroshye kugenzura umuvuduko)
• Gukwirakwiza intera ndende

Ingero:

• Amapompo yinganda
• Sisitemu ya convoyeur
• Compressor nini
• Ibikoresho by'imashini

3. Sisitemu Ihambiriye

Imbaraga zingirakamaro ni AC kuko:

• Igihombo cyohereza hasi kuri voltage nyinshi
• Guhindura amashanyarazi byoroshye
• Guhuza amashanyarazi

Iyo DC Imbaraga ari ngombwa

1. Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki

Ibyuma bya elegitoroniki bigezweho bisaba DC kuko:

• Semiconductor ikenera voltage ihamye
• Ibisabwa neza
• Ibice bya polarite sensitivite

Ibikoresho bikoreshwa na DC:

• Amaterefone / mudasobwa zigendanwa
• Itara
• Mudasobwa / seriveri
• Ibyuma bya elegitoroniki
• Gutera imiti

2. Sisitemu Yingufu Zisubirwamo

Imirasire y'izuba isanzwe itanga DC:

• Imirasire y'izuba: 30-600V DC
• Batteri: Bika imbaraga za DC
• Batteri ya EV: 400-800V DC

3. Uburyo bwo gutwara abantu

Ibinyabiziga bikoresha DC kuri:

• Moteri itangira(12V / 24V)
• Imashanyarazi(Umuvuduko mwinshi DC)
• Avionics(kwiringirwa)

4. Itumanaho

Ibyiza bya DC:

• Guhuza Bateri guhuza
• Nta guhuza inshuro
• Sukura imbaraga kubikoresho byoroshye

Ibintu by'ingenzi byo gufata ibyemezo

1. Ibisabwa Ibikoresho

Reba:

• Injira ibirango kubikoresho
• Imbaraga za adaptori zisohoka
• Ibisobanuro by'abakora

2. Inkomoko yimbaraga zirahari

Suzuma:

• Imbaraga za gride (mubisanzwe AC)
• Batteri / izuba (mubisanzwe DC)
• Ubwoko bwa generator

3. Ibitekerezo bya kure

• Intera ndende: AC ikora neza
• Intera ngufi: DC akenshi ni byiza

4. Guhindura neza

Buri guhinduka gutakaza imbaraga 5-20%:

• AC → DC (gukosora)
• DC → AC (inversion)

Guhindura Hagati ya AC na DC

AC Kuri DC Guhindura

Uburyo:

1. Abakosora
   • Igice cya kabiri (cyoroshye)
   • Umuhengeri wuzuye (birenzeho)
   • Ikiraro (gikunze kugaragara)
2. Guhindura-Mode Amashanyarazi
   • Birenzeho (85-95%)
   • Umucyo / muto

DC Kuri AC Guhindura

Uburyo:

1. Inverters
   • Guhindura sine wave (bihendutse)
   • Umuyoboro mwiza wa sine (ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki-umutekano)
   • Ikariso (kuri sisitemu yizuba)

Inzira zigaragara mugutanga ingufu

1. Microgrids

Inyungu:

• Kugabanya igihombo cyo guhindura
• Guhuza izuba / bateri nziza
• Birenzeho ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigezweho

2. Umuyoboro mwinshi wa DC

Ibyiza:

• Igihombo cyo hasi kure cyane
• Amashanyarazi ya kaburimbo
• Guhuriza hamwe ingufu

3. Gutanga ingufu za USB

Kwaguka kuri:

• Wattage yo hejuru (kugeza 240W)
• Ibikoresho byo mu rugo
• Sisitemu y'ibinyabiziga

Ibitekerezo byumutekano

Ibyago bya AC

• Ibyago byinshi byo guhungabana
• Amashanyarazi ya flash
• Irasaba izindi

DC Ibyago

• Kuramba
• Ingaruka za bateri
• Kwangirika kwinshi

Kugereranya Ibiciro

Amafaranga yo kwishyiriraho

Ikiguzi cyo gukora

• DC akenshi ikora neza (guhindura bike)
• Ibikorwa remezo bya AC byashyizweho

Nigute Wamenya Ibyo Ukeneye

Kubafite amazu

1. Ibikoresho bisanzwe: AC
2. Ibyuma bya elegitoroniki: DC (yahinduwe ku gikoresho)
3. Imirasire y'izuba: Byombi (DC generation, gukwirakwiza AC)

Kubucuruzi

1. Ibiro: Ahanini AC hamwe nibirwa bya DC
2. Ibigo byamakuru: Kwimukira kugabana DC
3. Inganda: Ahanini AC hamwe na DC igenzura

Kuri mobile / Porogaramu ya kure

1. RV / ubwato: Kuvanga (AC ukoresheje inverter mugihe bikenewe)
2. Akazu ka kabari: DC-yibanze hamwe na AC backup
3. Ibikoresho byo mu murima: Mubisanzwe DC

Igihe kizaza cyo gukwirakwiza ingufu

Imiterere ihindagurika yerekana:

• Imiyoboro myinshi ya DC
• Sisitemu ya Hybrid AC / DC
• Abahindura ubwenge bayobora byombi
• Imodoka-kuri-grid DC guhuza

Ibyifuzo byimpuguke

Igihe cyo Guhitamo AC

• Gukoresha moteri gakondo / ibikoresho
• Sisitemu ihujwe na sisitemu
• Iyo guhuza umurage bifite akamaro

Igihe cyo Guhitamo DC

• Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki
• Sisitemu y'ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa
• Iyo imikorere ari ngombwa

Ibisubizo bya Hybrid

Suzuma sisitemu zikurikira:

• Koresha AC mugukwirakwiza
• Hindura kuri DC
• Mugabanye intambwe zo guhinduka

Amakosa Rusange yo Kwirinda

1. Dufate ko ibikoresho byose ukoresha AC
   • Ibyuma bya elegitoroniki bigezweho bikenera DC
2. Kwirengagiza igihombo cyo guhinduka
   • Buri AC / DC ihinduka itakaza ingufu
3. Kwirengagiza ibisabwa bya voltage
   • Huza ubwoko bwombi hamwe na voltage
4. Kwirengagiza ibipimo byumutekano
   • Porotokole zitandukanye kuri AC vs DC

Ingero zifatika

Imirasire y'izuba

1. DC: Imirasire y'izuba → kugenzura ibicuruzwa → bateri
2. AC: Inverter → inzitizi zo murugo
3. DC: Ibikoresho byamashanyarazi

Imashanyarazi

1. DC: Bateri ikurura → umugenzuzi wa moteri
2. AC: Amashanyarazi kumurongo (kuri AC yishyuza)
3. DC: Sisitemu ya 12V ikoresheje DC-DC ihindura

Ikigo cyamakuru

1. AC: Ingufu zingirakamaro
2. DC: Serveri itanga ibikoresho
3. Kazoza: Birashoboka kohereza 380V DC

Umwanzuro: Guhitamo neza

Kumenya niba ukeneye ingufu za AC cyangwa DC biterwa na:

1. Ibikoresho byawe
2. Inkomoko ziboneka
3. Gutekereza kure
4. Gukenera gukora neza
5. Ubunini bw'ejo hazaza

Mugihe AC ikomeje kwiganza mugukwirakwiza gride, DC iragenda iba ingenzi kubikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigezweho hamwe na sisitemu yingufu zishobora kuvugururwa. Ibisubizo byiza cyane bikunze kubamo:

• AC yohereza amashanyarazi kure
• DC yo gukwirakwiza hafi mugihe bishoboka
• Kugabanya impinduka hagati yabyo

Mugihe ikoranabuhanga rigenda ryiyongera, tugenda tugana kuri sisitemu nyinshi zishyizwe hamwe zicunga ubwenge bwubwoko bwombi. Gusobanukirwa nibyingenzi byemeza ko ufata ibyemezo byiza byamashanyarazi haba mugushushanya imirasire yizuba murugo, kubaka uruganda, cyangwa kwishyuza terefone yawe gusa.