Imashanyarazi yishyuza ibinyabiziga biza muburyo bwinshi

Imodoka z'amashanyarazi ubu ziramenyerewe mumihanda yacu, kandi hubakwa ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza hirya no hino kugirango bibakorere.Ni bihwanye n'amashanyarazi kuri sitasiyo ya lisansi, kandi vuba, bizaba hose.
Ariko, bitera kwibaza ikibazo gishimishije. Amapompe yindege asuka gusa mumazi mumyobo kandi yarakozwe muburyo bwigihe kinini.Ntabwo bimeze kwisi kwisi ya chargeri ya EV, reka rero ducukumbure uko umukino umeze.

Ikoranabuhanga ry’ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi ryateye imbere byihuse kuva ryatangira kuba rusange mumyaka icumi ishize cyangwa irenga.Kubera ko ibinyabiziga byinshi byamashanyarazi bigifite intera ntoya, abatwara ibinyabiziga bakoze ibinyabiziga byishyuza byihuse mumyaka kugirango bitezimbere imikorere.Ibi bigerwaho hifashishijwe kunoza bateri, ibyuma bigenzura hamwe na software.

Nyamara, kwishyuza imodoka yamashanyarazi kuri uyu muvuduko bisaba amashanyarazi menshi.Nkigisubizo, abakora amamodoka nitsinda ryinganda bagiye bakora kugirango bashireho ibipimo bishya byo kwishyuza kugirango batange amashanyarazi menshi kuri bateri yimodoka hejuru-kumurongo byihuse.
Nkuyobora, inzu isanzwe yo muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika irashobora gutanga 1.8 kWt. Bifata amasaha 48 cyangwa arenga kugirango yishyure ibinyabiziga bigezweho byamashanyarazi biva murugo.
Ibinyuranyo, ibyambu bya EV bigezweho birashobora gutwara ikintu cyose kuva kuri 2 kW kugeza kuri 350 kW mubihe bimwe na bimwe, kandi bigasaba abahuza kabuhariwe kubikora.Ibipimo bitandukanye byagaragaye mumyaka kuko abakora ibinyabiziga bareba gushyira ingufu nyinshi mumodoka ku muvuduko wihuse. Reka turebe amahitamo akunze kugaragara muri iki gihe.
Igipimo cya SAE J1772 cyasohotse muri kamena 2001 kandi kizwi kandi ku izina rya J Plug. Umuyoboro wa 5-pin ushyigikira amashanyarazi ya feri imwe ya AC kuri 1.44 kWt iyo uhujwe n’amashanyarazi asanzwe yo mu rugo, ushobora kuzamurwa kuri kilowati 19.2 iyo ushyizwe kuri sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi yihuta cyane.
Nyuma ya 2006, J Plug yabaye itegeko ku binyabiziga byose by’amashanyarazi byagurishijwe muri Californiya kandi byahise bimenyekana muri Amerika no mu Buyapani, byinjira mu yandi masoko ku isi.
Umuhuza wo mu bwoko bwa 2, uzwi kandi nuwabikoze, uruganda rw’Abadage Mennekes, rwasabwe bwa mbere mu 2009 nkumusimbura w’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi SAE J1772.Ibintu nyamukuru biranga ni igishushanyo mbonera cyacyo cya pin 7 gishobora gutwara amashanyarazi agera kuri kimwe cya gatatu cyangwa icyuma cya AC, cyemerera kwishyiriraho ibinyabiziga bigera kuri 43 kWW.Mu myitozo, amashanyarazi menshi yo mu bwoko bwa 2 yashyizwe hejuru ya 22 kW cyangwa munsi ya 2. ibimenyetso. Icyo gihe ifite isi ikingira, itabogamye kandi itwara ibice bitatu bya AC.
Muri 2013, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi wahisemo amacomeka yo mu bwoko bwa 2 nk'urwego rushya rwo gusimbuza J1772 hamwe na EV Plug Alliance yoroheje ya 3A na 3C ihuza porogaramu zishyuza AC. Kuva icyo gihe, umuhuza wemewe cyane ku isoko ry’iburayi kandi uraboneka no mu modoka nyinshi zo ku isoko mpuzamahanga.
CCS isobanura Sisitemu yo Kwishyuza hamwe kandi ikoresha umuhuza wa "combo" kugirango yemererwe kwishyurwa DC na AC.Yasohowe mu Kwakira 2011, igipimo cyashyizweho kugirango yemererwe gushyira mu bikorwa byoroshye kwishyuza DC yihuta mu modoka nshya.Ibi birashobora kugerwaho hiyongereyeho imiyoboro ya DC ku bwoko bwa AC ihuza.Uburyo bubiri bwa CCS, umuhuza wa Combo 1 na Combo 2.
Combo 1 ifite ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa 1 J1772 AC hamwe nuyobora bibiri binini bya DC.Nuko rero, imodoka ifite umuhuza wa CCS Combo 1 irashobora guhuzwa na charger ya J1772 kugirango yishyure AC, cyangwa na Combo 1 ihuza amashanyarazi yihuta ya DC.Iki gishushanyo kibereye ibinyabiziga mumasoko yo muri Amerika, aho abahuza J1772 babaye rusange.
Ihuza rya Combo 2 rigaragaza umuhuza wa Mennekes uhujwe nuyobora ebyiri nini za DC.Ku isoko ry’iburayi, ibi bituma imodoka zifite socket ya Combo 2 zishobora kwishyurwa kuri AC imwe cyangwa eshatu icyiciro cya AC ikoresheje umuhuza wa Type 2, cyangwa DC ikishyurwa byihuse muguhuza Combo 2.
CCS yemerera AC kwishyuza kurwego rwa J1772 cyangwa Mennekes sub-umuhuza yubatswe mugushushanya.Nyamara, iyo ikoreshejwe mumashanyarazi yihuse ya DC, ituma umuriro wumuriro wihuta ugera kuri 350 kW.
Birakwiye ko tumenya ko charger ya DC yihuta hamwe na Combo 2 ihuza ikuraho AC icyiciro cya AC kandi kidafite aho kibogamiye mubihuza kuko bidakenewe. Umuhuza wa Combo 1 ubasiga mumwanya, nubwo bidakoreshwa. Ibishushanyo byombi bishingiye kumapine amwe yerekana ibimenyetso akoreshwa numuhuza wa AC kugirango ashyikirane hagati yikinyabiziga na charger.
Nka imwe mu masosiyete yambere mu mwanya w’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, Tesla yiyemeje gukora imiyoboro yayo yishyuza kugira ngo ibashe gukenera imodoka zayo.Iyi yatangijwe mu rwego rw’umuyoboro wa Supercharger wa Tesla, ugamije kubaka umuyoboro wihuta cyane wo gushyigikira ibinyabiziga by’isosiyete bifite bike kandi bidafite ibindi bikorwa remezo.
Mugihe isosiyete iha imodoka zayo nu bwoko bwa 2 cyangwa CCS ihuza iburayi, muri Amerika, Tesla ikoresha uburyo bwayo bwo kwishyiriraho ibyapa.Bishobora gushyigikira AC icyiciro kimwe kimwe nicyiciro cya gatatu, ndetse n’umuvuduko mwinshi DC wishyuza kuri sitasiyo ya Tesla Supercharger.
Sitasiyo yambere ya Tesla ya Supercharger yatangaga kilowati zigera kuri 150 kuri buri modoka, ariko nyuma moderi ntoya yo mumijyi yari ifite imipaka ntarengwa ya kilowati 72. Amashanyarazi aheruka kwishyurwa arashobora gutanga amashanyarazi agera kuri 250 kwamashanyarazi kubinyabiziga bifite ibikoresho bikwiye.
Igipimo cya GB / T 20234.3 cyatanzwe n’ubuyobozi bushinzwe ubuziranenge bw’Ubushinwa kandi gikubiyemo umuhuza ushobora icyarimwe icyarimwe icyiciro kimwe cya AC na DC kwishyuza byihuse.Bito bizwi hanze y’isoko ryihariye rya EV ry’Ubushinwa, byapimwe gukora kuri volt 1.000 DC na amps 250 kandi bikishyurwa ku muvuduko wa kilowati 250.
Ntushobora kubona iki cyambu ku modoka idakozwe mu Bushinwa, yagenewe isoko ry’Ubushinwa cyangwa ibihugu bifitanye isano n’ubucuruzi.
Ahari igishushanyo gishimishije cyane kuri iki cyambu ni A + na A- pin.Bapimwe kuri voltage zigera kuri 30 V hamwe n’umuyaga ugera kuri 20 A.Basobanuwe mubisanzwe nk "imbaraga zingirakamaro zidafite imbaraga zingufu zamashanyarazi zitangwa na charger zitari mu ndege".
Ntabwo bisobanutse mubisobanuro imikorere yabo neza, ariko birashobora kuba byarateguwe kugirango bifashe gutangiza imodoka yamashanyarazi ifite bateri yapfuye rwose.Iyo bateri ikurura ya EV hamwe na batiri ya 12V igabanutse, birashobora kugorana kwishyuza ikinyabiziga kuko ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki yimodoka ntibishobora gukanguka no kuvugana na charger.Abahuza nabo ntibashobora guhabwa ingufu kugirango bahuze ibice bikurura amashanyarazi byombi. ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki no guha ingufu abahuza kugirango bateri nyamukuru ikurura ishobora kwishyurwa nubwo imodoka yaba yarapfuye burundu.Niba uzi byinshi kuri ibi, wumve neza kutumenyesha mubitekerezo.
CHAdeMO ni umuhuza usanzwe wa EV, cyane cyane kubisabwa byihuse.Bishobora gutanga kugeza kuri 62.5 kWt binyuze mumashanyarazi yihariye.Iyi niyo ngingo ya mbere yagenewe gutanga umuriro wihuse wa DC kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi (utitaye kubabikora) kandi ifite pine ya bisi yo gutumanaho hagati yikinyabiziga na charger.
Igipimo cyasabwe gukoreshwa ku isi hose mu mwaka wa 2010 ku nkunga y’abakora amamodoka y’Abayapani.Nyamara, ibipimo byafashwe gusa mu Buyapani, aho Uburayi bwakomezaga ku bwoko bwa 2 na Amerika bukoresha J1772 na Tesla bwihuza. Ku ngingo imwe, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi watekereje guhatira icyiciro cyuzuye cy’amashanyarazi kugira ngo “byibuze 2” cyangwa Combo.
Iterambere rijyanye n’inyuma ryatangajwe muri Gicurasi 2018, rizemerera amashanyarazi ya CHAdeMO gutanga amashanyarazi agera kuri 400 kilowati, arenga ndetse n’umuhuza wa CCS mu murima. Abashyigikiye CHAdeMO babona ko ari yo ngingo ngenderwaho imwe ku isi aho gutandukana hagati y’ibipimo by’Amerika na EU.Nyamara, ntibyashoboye kubona ibyaguzwe byinshi hanze y’isoko ry’Ubuyapani.
Igipimo cya CHAdeMo 3.0 cyatangiye gukorwa kuva muri 2018.Yitwa ChaoJi kandi igaragaramo igishushanyo gishya cya 7-pin gihuza cyakozwe ku bufatanye n’ubuyobozi bw’Ubushinwa.
Mugihe usoma ibi, ushobora kubabarirwa kubwo gutekereza ko aho waba utwaye imodoka yawe nshya ya EV, hari ibice byinshi byuburyo butandukanye bwo kwishyuza byiteguye kugutera umutwe.Murakoze, ntabwo aribyo. Inkiko nyinshi zirwanira gushyigikira igipimo kimwe cyo kwishyuza mugihe usibye izindi nyinshi, bigatuma ibinyabiziga byinshi hamwe na chargeri mukarere runaka bihuza. Birumvikana ko Tesla muri Amerika nayo yihariye.
Mugihe hariho abantu bamwe bakoresha charger itariyo mugihe kitari cyo mugihe gikwiye, mubisanzwe barashobora gukoresha ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa adapt aho babikeneye. Ujya imbere, EV nyinshi nshya zizaguma kumoko ya charger zashizweho mukarere kabo ko kugurisha, byorohereza ubuzima kubantu bose.
Noneho ibipimo rusange byo kwishyuza ni USB-C.Ibintu byose bigomba kwishyurwa ukoresheje USB-C, ntabisanzwe. Ndatekereza ko icyuma cya 100KW EV, kikaba ari igiteranyo cya 1000 USB C gihuza cyacometse mumacomeka ikora muburyo bubangikanye. Hamwe nibikoresho bikwiye, urashobora kugumana uburemere munsi ya kg 50 (110 lb) kugirango byoroshye gukoresha.
PHEV nyinshi hamwe nibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bifite ubushobozi bwo gukurura ibiro bigera ku 1000, urashobora rero gukoresha romoruki kugirango utware umurongo wa adapteri hamwe na reveri.Peavey Mart nayo igurisha genny muri iki cyumweru niba hari GVWR magana zibitse.
Mu Burayi, isuzuma ryubwoko bwa 1 (SAE J1772) na CHAdeMO birengagiza rwose ko Nissan LEAF na Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV, ebyiri mu modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi yagurishijwe cyane, zifite ibyo bihuza.
Ihuza rikoreshwa cyane kandi ntirigenda.Mu gihe Ubwoko bwa 1 nubwoko bwa 2 buhujwe kurwego rwibimenyetso (kwemerera ubwoko bwa 2 butandukanijwe nubwoko bwa 1), CHAdeMO na CCS ntabwo.LEAF ntabwo ifite uburyo bufatika bwo kwishyuza CCS.
Niba charger yihuta itakiri CHAdeMO ishoboye, natekereza cyane gusubira mumodoka ya ICE murugendo rurerure no gukomeza LEAF yanjye kugirango ikoreshwe gusa.
Mfite PHEV yo hanze.Nakoresheje uburyo bwihuse bwa DC inshuro nke, gusa kugirango ngerageze mugihe mfite amasezerano yubusa. Nibyo, irashobora kwishyuza bateri kugeza 80% muminota 20, ariko ibyo bigomba kuguha intera ya EV igera kuri kilometero 20.
Amashanyarazi menshi ya DC yihuta cyane, kuburyo ushobora kwishyura hafi inshuro 100 fagitire yawe isanzwe yumuriro wa kilometero 20, ibyo bikaba byinshi cyane kuruta iyo wari utwaye lisansi wenyine. Amashanyarazi kumunota kumunota nayo ntabwo ari meza cyane, kuko agarukira kuri 22 kWt.
Nkunda Outlander yanjye kuko uburyo bwa EV butwikiriye ingendo zanjye zose, ariko DC yihuta yo kwishyuza ningirakamaro nkinshuro ya gatatu yumugabo.
Umuhuza wa CHAdeMO agomba kuguma kumera kumababi yose (ikibabi?), Ariko ntugahangayikishijwe nabanyamahanga.
Tesla kandi igurisha adaptate yemerera Tesla gukoresha J1772 (birumvikana) na CHAdeMO (biratangaje cyane) .Baje guhagarika adapteri ya CHAdeMO hanyuma bamenyekanisha adaptate ya CCS… ariko kubinyabiziga bimwe na bimwe, mumasoko amwe n'amwe. imodoka.https: //www.youtube.com/isaha? v = 584HfILW38Q
Imbaraga z'Abanyamerika ndetse na Nissan bavuze ko bagiye gukuraho Chademo bashyigikira CCS.Nissan Arya nshya izaba CCS, kandi amababi azahagarika vuba umusaruro.
Impuguke ya EV yo mu Buholandi Muxsan yazanye CCS yongeyeho Nissan LEAF kugirango isimbure icyambu cya AC.Ibyo bituma Ubwoko bwa 2 AC na CCS2 DC bwishyuza mugihe cyo kubungabunga icyambu cya CHAdeMo.
Nzi 123, 386 na 356 ntareba.Nibyiza, mubyukuri, nabonye bibiri bya nyuma bivanze, nkeneye rero kugenzura.
Yego, ndetse birenzeho iyo ukeka ko bifitanye isano murwego… ariko nagombaga kubikandaho ubwanjye kandi ndakeka ko aribyo, ariko umubare ntabwo umpaye na gato.
Umuyoboro wa CCS2 / Ubwoko bwa 2 winjiye muri Amerika nkurwego rwa J3068.Urubanza rugenewe gukoreshwa ni urw'imodoka ziremereye cyane, kuko ingufu z'icyiciro cya 3 zitanga umuvuduko wihuse cyane.J3068 irerekana voltage iri hejuru ya Type2, kuko ishobora kugera kuri 600V icyiciro -cyiciro. irashobora kugera kuri 166kW yingufu za AC.
"Muri Amerika, Tesla ikoresha igipimo cyayo cyo kwishyuza. Irashobora gushyigikira AC icyiciro kimwe kimwe n'icyiciro cya gatatu."
Nicyiciro kimwe gusa.Ni mubyukuri icomeka rya J1772 muburyo butandukanye hiyongereyeho imikorere ya DC.
J.
Abahuza Tesla bo muri Amerika ntabwo bashyigikiye ibyiciro bitatu AC.Abanditsi bitiranya abahuza Amerika n’abanyaburayi, aba nyuma (bazwi kandi nka CCS Type 2) barabikora.
Ku ngingo ifitanye isano: Ese imodoka zamashanyarazi zemerewe kugonga umuhanda utishyuye umusoro wumuhanda? Niba aribyo, kubera iki? Dufashe ko utopiya y’ibidukikije (idashoboka rwose) aho imodoka zirenga 90% zose zifite amashanyarazi, umusoro wo gukomeza umuhanda uzava he? Urashobora kongeraho ko kumafaranga yishyurwa rusange, ariko abantu barashobora no gukoresha imirasire yizuba murugo, cyangwa na 'moteri yubuhinzi' itanga amashanyarazi.
Ibintu byose biterwa nububasha. Ahantu hamwe usaba gusa umusoro wa lisansi.Bamwe basaba amafaranga yo kwandikisha ibinyabiziga nkinyongera ya lisansi.
Igihe kimwe, bumwe muburyo uburyo bwo kugaruza ibiciro bizakenera guhinduka.Ndashaka kubona uburyo buboneye aho amafaranga ashingiye kuri mileage hamwe nuburemere bwibinyabiziga kuko aribyo bigena uko ushira amarira ushira mumuhanda. Umusoro wa karubone kuri lisansi urashobora kuba mwiza mukibuga cyo gukiniraho.