Imashanyarazi yishyuza ibinyabiziga biza muburyo bwinshi

Imodoka z'amashanyarazi ubu ziramenyerewe mumihanda yacu, kandi hubakwa ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza hirya no hino kugirango bibakorere.Ni bihwanye n'amashanyarazi kuri sitasiyo ya lisansi, kandi vuba, bizaba hose.
Ariko, bitera kwibaza ikibazo gishimishije. Amapompe yindege asuka gusa mumazi mumyobo kandi yarakozwe muburyo bwigihe kinini.Ntabwo bimeze kwisi kwisi ya chargeri ya EV, reka rero ducukumbure uko umukino umeze.

Ikoranabuhanga ryikinyabiziga cyamashanyarazi ryagize iterambere ryihuse kuva ryatangira gukurikizwa mumyaka icumi ishize cyangwa irenga.Kubera ko ibinyabiziga byinshi byamashanyarazi bigifite intera ntarengwa, abatwara ibinyabiziga bakoze ibinyabiziga byishyuza byihuse mumyaka kugirango bongere imikorere.Ibi bigerwaho hifashishijwe kunoza bateri, umugenzuzi. ibyuma na software. Ikoranabuhanga ryo kwishyuza ryateye imbere kuburyo ibinyabiziga bigezweho byamashanyarazi bishobora kongera ibirometero amagana muminota 20 gusa.

Nyamara, kwishyuza imodoka yamashanyarazi kuri uyu muvuduko bisaba amashanyarazi menshi.Nkigisubizo, abakora amamodoka nitsinda ryinganda bagiye bakora kugirango bashireho ibipimo bishya byo kwishyuza kugirango batange amashanyarazi menshi kuri bateri yimodoka hejuru-kumurongo byihuse.
Nkuyobora, inzu isanzwe yo muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika irashobora gutanga 1.8 kWt. Bifata amasaha 48 cyangwa arenga kugirango yishyure ibinyabiziga bigezweho byamashanyarazi biva murugo.
Ibinyuranyo, ibyambu bya kijyambere bya EV birashobora gutwara ikintu cyose kuva kuri 2 kW kugeza kuri 350 kW mubihe bimwe na bimwe, kandi bigasaba guhuza kabuhariwe kubikora.Ibipimo bitandukanye byagaragaye mugihe cyimyaka kuko abakora ibinyabiziga bashakisha gutera ingufu mumodoka kumuvuduko wihuse. Reka reba amahitamo asanzwe muri iki gihe.
Igipimo cya SAE J1772 cyasohotse muri kamena 2001 kandi kizwi kandi ku izina rya J Plug.Umuhuza wa 5-pin ushyigikira AC icyiciro kimwe cyishyurwa kuri 1.44 kWt iyo uhujwe n’amashanyarazi asanzwe yo mu rugo, ushobora kuzamurwa kugeza kuri 19.2 kW mugihe ushyizweho kuri sitasiyo yihuta yimodoka yumuriro wamashanyarazi. Uyu muhuza yohereza ingufu za AC icyiciro kimwe kuri insinga ebyiri, ibimenyetso kurindi nsinga ebyiri, naho icya gatanu ni ihuza isi irinda.
Nyuma ya 2006, J Plug yabaye itegeko ku binyabiziga byose by’amashanyarazi byagurishijwe muri Californiya kandi byahise bimenyekana muri Amerika no mu Buyapani, byinjira mu yandi masoko ku isi.
Umuhuza wo mu bwoko bwa 2, uzwi kandi nuwabikoze, uruganda rw’Abadage Mennekes, rwasabwe bwa mbere mu 2009 nkumusimbura w’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi SAE J1772.Ibintu nyamukuru biranga ni igishushanyo mbonera cya 7 pin gishobora gutwara icyiciro kimwe cyangwa icyiciro cya gatatu Imbaraga za AC, zemerera kwishyuza ibinyabiziga bigera kuri kWt 43 ibimenyetso. Icyo gihe ifite isi ikingira, itabogamye kandi itwara ibice bitatu bya AC.
Muri 2013, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi wahisemo amacomeka yo mu bwoko bwa 2 nk'urwego rushya rwo gusimbuza J1772 hamwe na EV Plug Alliance yo mu bwoko bwa 3A na 3C ihuza porogaramu yo kwishyuza AC. Kuva icyo gihe, umuhuza wemewe cyane ku isoko ry’Uburayi kandi uranaboneka mu modoka nyinshi zo ku isoko mpuzamahanga.
CCS isobanura Sisitemu yo Kwishyuza hamwe kandi ikoresha umuhuza wa "combo" kugirango yemererwe kwishyurwa DC na AC.Yasohotse mu Kwakira 2011, igipimo cyashyizweho kugirango yemererwe gushyira mu bikorwa byoroshye kwishyurwa ryihuta rya DC mumodoka nshya.Ibi birashobora kugerwaho wongeyeho umuyoboro wa DC uyobora ubwoko bwa AC uhuza.Hari uburyo bubiri bwingenzi bwa CCS, umuhuza wa Combo 1 hamwe na Combo 2.
Combo 1 ifite ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa 1 J1772 AC hamwe n’imiyoboro ibiri minini ya DC.Nuko rero, imodoka ifite umuhuza wa CCS Combo 1 irashobora guhuzwa na charger ya J1772 yo kwishyuza AC, cyangwa kumuyoboro wa Combo 1 kugirango wishyure vuba DC. .Iki gishushanyo kibereye ibinyabiziga ku isoko ry’Amerika, aho umuhuza wa J1772 wabaye rusange.
Umuyoboro wa Combo 2 urimo umuhuza wa Mennekes uhujwe nuyobora ebyiri nini za DC.Ku isoko ry’iburayi, ibi bituma imodoka zifite socket ya Combo 2 zishobora kwishyurwa kuri AC icyiciro kimwe cyangwa bitatu AC ikoresheje umuhuza wubwoko bwa 2, cyangwa DC ikishyurwa byihuse ihuza na Combo 2 umuhuza.
CCS yemerera AC kwishyuza kurwego rwa J1772 cyangwa Mennekes sub-umuhuza yubatswe mugushushanya.Nyamara, iyo ikoreshejwe mumashanyarazi yihuse ya DC, ituma umuriro wumuriro wihuta ugera kuri 350 kW.
Birakwiye ko tumenya ko charger ya DC yihuta hamwe na Combo 2 ihuza ikuraho AC icyiciro cya AC kandi kidafite aho kibogamiye mubihuza kuko bidakenewe. Umuhuza wa Combo 1 ubasiga mumwanya, nubwo bidakoreshwa.Ibishushanyo byombi bishingiye kubintu bimwe ibyuma byerekana ibimenyetso bikoreshwa na AC umuhuza kugirango bavugane hagati yikinyabiziga na charger.
Nka imwe mu masosiyete yambere mu mwanya w’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, Tesla yiyemeje gukora imashini zayo zishyuza kugira ngo zuzuze ibikenewe n’imodoka zayo.Iyi yatangijwe mu rwego rw’umuyoboro wa Supercharger wa Tesla, ugamije kubaka umuyoboro wihuse wihuta kugira ngo ushyigikire ibinyabiziga by'isosiyete bifite bike kugeza ku bindi bikorwa remezo.
Mugihe isosiyete iha imodoka zayo nu bwoko bwa 2 cyangwa CCS ihuza iburayi, muri Amerika, Tesla ikoresha uburyo bwayo bwo kwishyiriraho ibyapa.Bishobora gushyigikira AC icyiciro kimwe kimwe nicyiciro cya gatatu, ndetse no kwishyuza DC yihuta kuri Sitasiyo ya Tesla.
Sitasiyo yambere ya Tesla ya Supercharger yatangaga kilowati zigera kuri 150 kuri buri modoka, ariko nyuma moderi ntoya yo mumijyi yari ifite imipaka ntarengwa ya kilowati 72. Amashanyarazi aheruka kwishyurwa arashobora gutanga amashanyarazi agera kuri 250 kwamashanyarazi kubinyabiziga bifite ibikoresho bikwiye.
Igipimo cya GB / T 20234.3 cyatanzwe n’ubuyobozi bushinzwe ubuziranenge bw’Ubushinwa kandi gikubiyemo umuhuza ushobora icyarimwe icyarimwe icyiciro kimwe cya AC na DC kwishyuza byihuse.Bito bizwi hanze y’isoko ridasanzwe ry’Ubushinwa, byapimwe gukora kuri volt zigera ku 1.000 DC na 250 amps kandi yishyuza ku muvuduko wa kilowati 250.
Ntushobora kubona iki cyambu ku modoka idakozwe mu Bushinwa, yagenewe isoko ry’Ubushinwa cyangwa ibihugu bifitanye isano n’ubucuruzi.
Ahari igishushanyo gishimishije cyane kuri iki cyambu ni A + na A- pin.Bapimwe kuri voltage zigera kuri 30 V hamwe ningaruka zigera kuri 20 A.Basobanuwe mubisanzwe nk "imbaraga zingirakamaro zidafite imbaraga zingufu zamashanyarazi zitangwa na amashanyarazi hanze. ”
Ntabwo bisobanutse mubisobanuro imikorere yabo nyayo icyo aricyo, ariko birashobora kuba byarakozwe kugirango bifashe gutangiza imodoka yamashanyarazi ifite bateri yapfuye rwose.Iyo bateri ikurura ya EV hamwe na batiri 12V zashize, birashobora kugorana kwishyuza imodoka kuko ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki yimodoka ntibishobora gukanguka no kuvugana na charger.Abahuza nabo ntibashobora guhabwa ingufu kugirango bahuze igice gikurura na sisitemu zitandukanye zimodoka.Iyi pin ebyiri birashoboka ko yagenewe gutanga imbaraga zihagije zo gukoresha shingiro ryimodoka ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki no guha ingufu abahuza kugirango bateri nyamukuru ikurura ishobora kwishyurwa nubwo imodoka yaba yarapfuye burundu.Niba uzi byinshi kuri ibi, wumve neza kutumenyesha mubitekerezo.
CHAdeMO ni umuhuza usanzwe wa EV, cyane cyane kubisabwa byihuse.Bishobora gutanga kugeza kuri 62.5 kWt binyuze mumashanyarazi yihariye.Iyi niyo ngingo yambere yagenewe gutanga amashanyarazi yihuse ya DC kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi (utitaye kubabikora) kandi ifite pine ya bisi ya CAN. kugirango itumanaho hagati yikinyabiziga na charger.
Igipimo cyasabwe gukoreshwa kwisi yose mumwaka wa 2010 ku nkunga y’abakora amamodoka y’Abayapani.Nyamara, ibipimo byafashwe rwose mu Buyapani, Uburayi bugumya ku bwoko bwa 2 na Amerika bukoresha J1772 na Tesla bwihuza. Ku ngingo imwe, EU yatekereje guhatira icyiciro cyuzuye cya chargeri ya CHAdeMO, ariko amaherezo yahisemo gusaba sitasiyo yo kwishyiriraho kugira "byibura" Ubwoko bwa 2 cyangwa Combo 2.
Iterambere rijyanye no gusubira inyuma ryatangajwe muri Gicurasi 2018, rizemerera amashanyarazi ya CHAdeMO gutanga amashanyarazi agera kuri 400, arenga ndetse n’abahuza CCS mu murima. Abashyigikiye CHAdeMO babona ishingiro ryayo nk'urwego rumwe rw'isi aho gutandukana hagati ya Amerika na EU CCS ibipimo.Nyamara, yananiwe kubona ibyaguzwe byinshi hanze yisoko ryUbuyapani.
Igipimo cya CHAdeMo 3.0 cyatangiye gukorwa kuva muri 2018.Yitwa ChaoJi kandi kirimo igishushanyo gishya cya 7-pin gihuza cyakozwe ku bufatanye n’ubuyobozi bw’Ubushinwa bushinzwe ubuziranenge. Irizera ko igipimo cy’amashanyarazi kigera kuri 900 kW, gikora kuri 1.5 kV, kandi kigatanga amps 600 yuzuye binyuze mugukoresha insinga zikonje.
Mugihe usoma ibi, ushobora kubabarirwa kubwo gutekereza ko aho waba utwaye imodoka yawe nshya ya EV, hari amahame menshi yuburyo butandukanye bwo kwishyuza yiteguye kugutera umutwe.Murakoze, ntabwo aribyo. Inkiko nyinshi zirwanira gushyigikira igipimo kimwe cyo kwishyuza mugihe ukuyemo izindi nyinshi, bigatuma ibinyabiziga byinshi hamwe na chargeri mukarere runaka bihuza. Birumvikana ko Tesla muri Amerika nayo idasanzwe, ariko kandi bafite umuyoboro wabo wihariye wo kwishyuza.
Mugihe hariho abantu bamwe bakoresha charger itariyo mugihe kitari cyo mugihe gikwiye, barashobora gukoresha ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa adapter aho babukeneye. Ujya imbere, EV nyinshi nshya zizagumya kubwoko bwa charger zashizweho mukarere kabo ko kugurisha , koroshya ubuzima kuri buri wese.
Noneho ibipimo rusange byo kwishyuza ni USB-C.Ibintu byose bigomba kwishyurwa ukoresheje USB-C, ntabisanzwe. Ndatekereza ko icyuma cya 100KW EV, kikaba ari igiteranyo cya 1000 C ihuza USB C yegeranye mumacomeka ikora muburyo bubangikanye.Koresheje ibikoresho byiza, urashobora kubika u uburemere munsi ya kg 50 (110 lb) kugirango byoroshye gukoreshwa.
PHEV nyinshi hamwe nibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bifite ubushobozi bwo gukurura ibiro bigera ku 1000, urashobora rero gukoresha romoruki kugirango utware umurongo wa adapteri hamwe na reveri.Peavey Mart nayo igurisha genny muri iki cyumweru niba hari GVWR magana zibitse.
Mu Burayi, isuzuma ryubwoko bwa 1 (SAE J1772) na CHAdeMO birengagiza rwose ko Nissan LEAF na Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV, ebyiri mu modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi yagurishijwe cyane, zifite ibyo bihuza.
Ihuza rikoreshwa cyane kandi ntirigenda.Mu gihe Ubwoko bwa 1 nubwoko bwa 2 buhujwe kurwego rwibimenyetso (kwemerera ubwoko bwa 2 butandukanye kugeza kumurongo wa 1), CHAdeMO na CCS ntabwo.LEAF idafite uburyo bufatika bwo kwishyuza CCS .
Niba charger yihuta itakiri CHAdeMO ishoboye, natekereza cyane gusubira mumodoka ya ICE murugendo rurerure no gukomeza LEAF yanjye kugirango ikoreshwe gusa.
Mfite PHEV yo hanze.Nakoresheje uburyo bwihuse bwa DC inshuro nke, gusa kugirango ngerageze mugihe mfite amasezerano yubusa. Nibyo, irashobora kwishyuza bateri kugeza 80% muminota 20, ariko ibyo bigomba gutanga wowe intera ya kilometero 20.
Amashanyarazi menshi ya DC yihuta cyane, kuburyo ushobora kwishyura hafi inshuro 100 fagitire zisanzwe zamashanyarazi kubirometero 20, ibyo bikaba byinshi cyane kuruta iyo wari utwaye lisansi wenyine. Amashanyarazi kumunota nayo ntabwo aribyiza cyane, nkuko bigarukira kuri 22 kWt.
Nkunda Outlander yanjye kuko uburyo bwa EV butwikiriye ingendo zanjye zose, ariko DC yihuta yo kwishyuza ningirakamaro nkinshuro ya gatatu yumugabo.
Umuhuza wa CHAdeMO agomba kuguma kumera kumababi yose (ikibabi?), Ariko ntugahangayikishijwe nabanyamahanga.
Tesla igurisha kandi adaptate yemerera Tesla gukoresha J1772 (birumvikana) na CHAdeMO (biratangaje cyane) .Barangije bahagarika adaptate ya CHAdeMO hanyuma bamenyekanisha adaptate ya CCS… ariko kubinyabiziga bimwe na bimwe, mumasoko amwe.Aptateur yasabwaga kwishyuza Teslas yo muri Amerika. kuva muri CCS Ubwoko bwa 1 hamwe na Tesla Supercharger sock yihariye bigaragara ko igurishwa gusa muri Koreya (!) kandi ikora gusa kubigezweho imodoka.https: //www.youtube.com/isaha? v = 584HfILW38Q
Imbaraga z'Abanyamerika ndetse na Nissan bavuze ko bagiye gukuraho Chademo bashyigikira CCS.Nissan Arya nshya izaba CCS, kandi amababi azahagarika vuba umusaruro.
Impuguke ya EV yo mu Buholandi Muxsan yazanye CCS yongeyeho Nissan LEAF kugirango isimbure icyambu cya AC.Ibyo bituma Ubwoko bwa 2 AC na CCS2 DC bwishyuza mugihe cyo kubungabunga icyambu cya CHAdeMo.
Nzi 123, 386 na 356 ntareba.Nibyiza, mubyukuri, nabonye bibiri bya nyuma bivanze, nkeneye rero kugenzura.
Yego, ndetse birenzeho iyo ukeka ko bifitanye isano murwego… ariko nagombaga kubikandaho ubwanjye kandi ndakeka ko aribyo, ariko umubare ntabwo umpaye na gato.
Umuhuza wa CCS2 / Ubwoko bwa 2 yinjiye muri Amerika nkurwego rwa J3068.Urubanza rugenewe gukoreshwa ni urw'imodoka ziremereye, kuko ingufu z'ibyiciro 3 zitanga umuvuduko wihuse cyane.J3068 irerekana voltage iri hejuru ya Type2, kuko ishobora kugera kuri 600V icyiciro -kugeza ku cyiciro. Kwishyuza DC ni kimwe na CCS2.Umuvuduko numuyaga urenze ibipimo bya Type2 bisaba ibimenyetso bya digitale kugirango ibinyabiziga na EVSE bishobore guhuza.Ku mashanyarazi ashobora kuba ari 160A, J3068 irashobora kugera kuri 166kW yingufu za AC.
Ati: “Muri Amerika, Tesla ikoresha uburyo bwayo bwo kwishyuza. Irashobora gushyigikira AC icyiciro kimwe nicyiciro cya gatatu cyo kwishyuza ”
Nicyiciro kimwe gusa.Ni mubyukuri icomeka rya J1772 muburyo butandukanye hiyongereyeho imikorere ya DC.
J. amapine. "Ubwoko 2 DC" bisaba pin yinyongera kubihuza combo.
Abahuza Tesla bo muri Amerika ntabwo bashyigikiye ibyiciro bitatu AC.Abanditsi bitiranya abahuza Amerika n’abanyaburayi, aba nyuma (bazwi kandi nka CCS Type 2) barabikora.
Ku ngingo ifitanye isano: Ese imodoka zamashanyarazi zemerewe kugonga umuhanda utishyuye umusoro wumuhanda? Niba aribyo, kubera iki? Dufashe utopiya y’ibidukikije (idashoboka rwose) aho usanga 90% yimodoka zose zifite amashanyarazi, umusoro uzajya ukomeza umuhanda? kugenda bizaturuka? Urashobora kongeraho ibyo kubiciro byo kwishyuza rubanda, ariko abantu barashobora kandi gukoresha imirasire yizuba murugo, cyangwa na 'moteri yubuhinzi' ikoreshwa na mazutu (nta musoro wumuhanda).
Ibintu byose biterwa nububasha. Ahantu hamwe usaba gusa umusoro wa lisansi.Bamwe basaba amafaranga yo kwandikisha ibinyabiziga nkinyongera ya lisansi.
Igihe kimwe, bumwe muburyo bwo kugaruza ibiciro bizakenera guhinduka.Ndashaka kubona uburyo buboneye aho amafaranga ashingiye kuri mileage nuburemere bwibinyabiziga kuko aribyo byerekana uko ushira amarira ushira mumuhanda .Umusoro wa karubone kuri lisansi urashobora kuba mwiza mukibuga cyo gukiniraho.