Imashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi

Kugana ejo hazaza harambye Mu myaka yashize, hamwe no kurushaho gukangurira ibidukikije no gukenera kwiyongera kwimodoka zirambye, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi hamwe na sitasiyo zishakisha bigenda byiyongera kwibandwaho. Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi, guverinoma n’inganda z’ibihugu bitandukanye bashora imari mu iyubakwa ry’ibirundo ndetse banashyiraho politiki zitandukanye zo gushishikariza abantu benshi gukoresha ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi. Dukurikije imibare, kugurisha ku isi imodoka z’amashanyarazi bikomeje kwiyongera.

Mu Bushinwa, kugurisha ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi biri mu myanya ya mbere ku isi mu myaka myinshi ikurikiranye. Mugihe kimwe, umubare wibikoresho byo kwishyiriraho byashyizweho nabyo biriyongera vuba. Ntabwo hashyizweho ingingo nyinshi zo kwishyiriraho kuruhande rwumuhanda wo mumijyi, ariko kandi ibirundo byo kwishyiriraho byagaragaye mumasoko yubucuruzi, inyubako zo mu biro ndetse n’aho gutura, bikorohereza abafite imodoka kwishyuza. Kuba imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi no kwishyuza ibirundo ntibigabanya gusa ihumana ry’ikirere n’urusaku rw’ibidukikije, ahubwo binatezimbere ingufu. Ugereranije n’imodoka gakondo za lisansi, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bikoresha ingufu zamashanyarazi nkisoko yingufu kandi ntibitanga imyuka ihumanya ikirere, kubwibyo rero nta mwanda uhari mugihe cyo kuyikoresha.

Muri icyo gihe, sisitemu y’ingufu z’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi irakora neza, itagabanya gusa imyanda y’ingufu, ahubwo inakoresha uburyo bwo kugarura ingufu mu kwagura ingendo z’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi. Kwihuta mu iyubakwa ry’ibirundo byishyurwa nta gushidikanya bitanga inkunga yingenzi yo kumenyekanisha no kuzamura ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi. Kurwego rwo hejuru rwo kwishyiriraho ibirundo byo kwishyuza, nuburyo bworoshye bwo kwishyuza abakoresha bashobora kwishimira. Byongeye kandi, tekinoroji yo kwishyiriraho ibirundo nayo ihora ari udushya, kandi umuvuduko wo kwishyuza watejwe imbere ku buryo bugaragara, bigatuma uburambe bwo kwishyuza bwihuse kandi bunoze. Ariko, kubaka ibirundo byo kwishyuza biracyafite ibibazo byinshi.

Ubwa mbere, kubura ibipimo bihuriweho hamwe nibisobanuro birashobora gutuma habaho kudahuza hagati yo kwishyuza ibirundo. Icya kabiri, igihe cyo kwishyuza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi ni birebire, nabyo bizana ikibazo runaka kubakoresha. Hanyuma, ibiciro byo kubaka ibirundo byo kwishyuza biri hejuru cyane, kandi imbaraga za leta hamwe ninganda zirasabwa kugirango hamenyekane ikwirakwizwa ry’ibirundo. Mu rwego rwo gutsinda izo mbogamizi, guverinoma hamwe n’amasosiyete yishyuza ibirundo by’ibihugu bitandukanye batangiye gushyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho kugira ngo barebe ko ibirundo byishyurwa bihoraho. Muri icyo gihe, itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ryiyemeje kongera umuvuduko wo kwishyuza, kugira ngo ryegere umuvuduko wa lisansi y’ibinyabiziga bya lisansi. Byongeye kandi, guverinoma n’inganda nazo zigomba kongera ishoramari mu guteza imbere iyubakwa ry’ibirundo. Gusa binyuze mubufatanye nakazi gakomeye birashobora gutwara ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi hamwe na sitasiyo yumuriro bigana ahazaza heza hamwe. Mu gusoza, guteza imbere ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi na sitasiyo zishyuza nigice cyingenzi cyubwikorezi burambye. Guhindura uburyo bwa gakondo bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga bya lisansi nurufunguzo rwo kumenya ubwikorezi bwangiza ibidukikije.

Kumenyekanisha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi no kubaka ibirundo byishyuza bisaba leta, inganda n’abaturage gufatanya gushyiraho inzira y’isuku, ikora neza kandi irambye.