Mugihe isoko ryikinyabiziga cyamashanyarazi (EV) cyagutse kwisi yose, gukenera ibikorwa remezo bisanzwe kandi bikora neza biragenda biba ingorabahizi. Uturere dutandukanye twashyizeho amahame atandukanye kugirango ahuze ingufu zisabwa, ibidukikije bigenzurwa, hamwe nubushobozi bwikoranabuhanga. Iyi ngingo itanga isesengura ryuzuye ryibipimo byambere byo kwishyuza EV muri Amerika, Uburayi, Ubushinwa, Ubuyapani, hamwe na sisitemu ya nyirubwite ya Tesla, bisobanura ibisobanuro bya voltage isanzwe nibisabwa muri iki gihe, ingaruka kuri sitasiyo zishyirwaho, ningamba zifatika zo guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo.
Amerika: SAE J1772 na CCS
Muri Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika, ibipimo bikoreshwa cyane muri EV ni SAE J1772 yo kwishyuza AC hamwe na Sisitemu yo Kwishyuza (CCS) kuri AC na DC byombi. SAE J1772 isanzwe, izwi kandi nka J plug, ikoreshwa cyane muburyo bwo kwishyuza Urwego 1 na Urwego 2. Urwego rwa 1 kwishyuza rukorera kuri volt 120 (V) na amperes 16 (A), zitanga ingufu zingana na kilowati 1.92 (kilowati). Urwego rwa 2 kwishyuza rukora kuri 240V kugeza kuri 80A, rutanga ingufu zingana na 19.2 kWt.
Igipimo cya CCS gishyigikira ingufu za DC zihuta cyane, hamwe na charger zisanzwe za DC muri Amerika zitanga hagati ya 50 kWt na 350 kW kuri 200 kugeza 1000 na volt 500. Ibipimo ngenderwaho bifasha kwishyurwa byihuse, bigatuma bikenerwa ningendo ndende no gusaba ubucuruzi.
Ibisabwa Ibikorwa Remezo:
Igiciro cyo Kwishyiriraho: Amashanyarazi ya AC (Urwego rwa 1 nu Rwego 2) ntabwo ahenze kuyashiraho kandi arashobora kwinjizwa mumiturire nubucuruzi hamwe na sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ariho.
Imbaraga Ziboneka:Amashanyarazi yihutabisaba kuzamura ibikorwa remezo by'amashanyarazi, harimo imbaraga z'amashanyarazi zifite ingufu nyinshi hamwe na sisitemu yo gukonjesha ikomeye kugirango ikemure ubushyuhe.
Kubahiriza amabwiriza: Kubahiriza amategeko yimyubakire y’ibanze n’ibipimo by’umutekano ni ngombwa mu kohereza neza sitasiyo zishyuza.
Uburayi: Ubwoko bwa 2 na CCS
Uburayi bwiganjemo gukoresha Type 2 ihuza, izwi kandi nka Mennekes ihuza, kugirango AC yishyure na CCS yo kwishyuza DC. Ubwoko bwa 2 umuhuza bwagenewe icyiciro kimwe nicyiciro cya gatatu cyo kwishyuza AC. Kwishyuza icyiciro kimwe bikorera kuri 230V kugeza kuri 32A, bitanga kWt 7.4. Kwishyuza ibyiciro bitatu birashobora gutanga 43 kW kuri 400V na 63A.
CCS i Burayi, izwi nka CCS2, ishyigikira kwishyuza AC na DC.Amashanyarazi yihutamuburayi mubusanzwe kuva kuri 50 kW kugeza kuri 350 kW, ikorera kuri voltage iri hagati ya 200V na 1000V numuyoboro ugera kuri 500A.
Ibisabwa Ibikorwa Remezo:
Igiciro cyo Kwishyiriraho: Ubwoko bwa charger 2 zirasa nuburyo bworoshye bwo gushiraho kandi burahujwe na sisitemu y'amashanyarazi yo guturamo nubucuruzi.
Kuboneka kw'amashanyarazi: Amashanyarazi menshi asabwa na DC yihuta akenera ishoramari ryibikorwa remezo, harimo imirongo yihariye ya voltage nini na sisitemu yo gucunga neza ubushyuhe.
Kubahiriza amabwiriza: Kubahiriza amahame akomeye y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bituma iyemezwa ry’imyizerere ya sitasiyo ya EV.
Ubushinwa: Igipimo cya GB / T.
Ubushinwa bukoresha GB / T muburyo bwo kwishyuza AC na DC. Igipimo cya GB / T 20234.2 gikoreshwa mu kwishyuza AC, hamwe no kwishyuza icyiciro kimwe gikora kuri 220V kugeza kuri 32A, bigatanga kilo 7.04. Kwishyuza ibyiciro bitatu bikorera kuri 380V kugeza kuri 63A, bitanga kWt 43.8.
Kuri DC byihuse ,.GB / T 20234.3 bisanzweishyigikira urwego rwingufu kuva 30 kW kugeza 360 kW, hamwe na voltage ikora kuva kuri 200V kugeza 1000V hamwe numuyaga ugera kuri 400A.
Ibisabwa Ibikorwa Remezo:
Amafaranga yo kwishyiriraho: Amashanyarazi ya AC ashingiye ku gipimo cya GB / T ahendutse kandi arashobora kwinjizwa mumiturire, iy'ubucuruzi, hamwe na hamwe hamwe nibikorwa remezo by'amashanyarazi bihari.
Kuboneka kw'amashanyarazi: Amashanyarazi yihuta ya DC arasaba ibikorwa remezo byamashanyarazi byingenzi, harimo guhuza imbaraga nyinshi hamwe na sisitemu yo gukonjesha neza kugirango icunge ubushyuhe butangwa mugihe cyo kwishyuza amashanyarazi menshi.
Kubahiriza amabwiriza: Kugenzura iyubahirizwa ry’igihugu cy’Ubushinwa n’amabwiriza y’umutekano ni ngombwa mu kohereza umutekano kandi neza kuri sitasiyo zishyuza za EV.
Ubuyapani: Igipimo cya CHAdeMO
Ubuyapani bukoresha cyane cyane ibipimo bya CHAdeMO kugirango DC yishyure vuba. CHAdeMO ishyigikira ingufu ziva kuri 50 kW kugeza 400 kWt, hamwe na voltage ikora hagati ya 200V na 1000V numuyoboro ugera kuri 400A. Kumashanyarazi ya AC, Ubuyapani bukoresha umuhuza wubwoko bwa 1 (J1772), bukora kuri 100V cyangwa 200V kugirango bishyure icyiciro kimwe, hamwe namashanyarazi agera kuri 6 kWt.
Ibisabwa Ibikorwa Remezo:
Igiciro cyo Kwishyiriraho: Amashanyarazi ya AC ukoresheje Ubwoko bwa 1 uhuza byoroshye kandi bihendutse gushira mumiturire nubucuruzi.
Kuboneka kw'amashanyarazi: Amashanyarazi ya DC yihuse ashingiye kubipimo bya CHAdeMO bisaba ishoramari ryibikorwa remezo by'amashanyarazi, harimo imirongo yihariye ya voltage nini na sisitemu yo gukonjesha ikomeye.
Kubahiriza amabwiriza: Gukurikiza amahame akomeye y’Ubuyapani n’umutekano hamwe n’imikoranire ni ngombwa mu mikorere yizewe no kubungabunga sitasiyo zishyuza za EV.
Tesla: Umuyoboro wa Supercharger Network
Tesla ikoresha uburyo bwo kwishyuza bwihariye kumurongo wa Supercharger, itanga amashanyarazi yihuta ya DC. Tesla Superchargers irashobora gutanga amashanyarazi agera kuri 250, ikora kuri 480V na 500A. Imodoka ya Tesla i Burayi ifite ibikoresho bya CCS2, ibemerera gukoresha amashanyarazi yihuta ya CCS.
Ibisabwa Ibikorwa Remezo:
Igiciro cyo Kwishyiriraho: Superchargers ya Tesla ikubiyemo ishoramari ryibikorwa remezo, harimo n’amashanyarazi afite ingufu nyinshi hamwe na sisitemu yo gukonjesha igezweho kugirango ikemure ingufu nyinshi.
Kuboneka kw'amashanyarazi: Amashanyarazi menshi asabwa na Superchargers bisaba kuzamura ibikorwa remezo byamashanyarazi byabugenewe, akenshi bisaba ubufatanye namasosiyete yingirakamaro.
Kubahiriza amabwiriza: Guharanira kubahiriza amahame n’umutekano mu karere ni ngombwa mu mikorere yizewe kandi itekanye y’umuyoboro wa Supercharger wa Tesla.
Ingamba zifatika zo kwishyuza Sitasiyo
Igenamigambi Ahantu hateganijwe:
Uturere two mumijyi: Wibande mugushiraho amashanyarazi ya AC mumiturire, iy'ubucuruzi, na parikingi rusange kugirango utange uburyo bworoshye bwo kwishyuza bukoreshwa burimunsi.
Umuhanda munini n'inzira ndende: Kohereza amashanyarazi yihuta ya DC mugihe gisanzwe kumihanda minini ninzira ndende kugirango byorohereze kwishyurwa byihuse kubagenzi.
Hubs yubucuruzi: Shyiramo amashanyarazi yihuta ya DC yihuta mumasoko yubucuruzi, muri santeri y'ibikoresho, no kubitsa amato kugirango ushyigikire ibikorwa byubucuruzi.
Ubufatanye bwa Leta n'abikorera:
Gufatanya ninzego zibanze, ibigo byingirakamaro, n’ibigo byigenga gutera inkunga no gukoresha ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza.
Shishikariza abashoramari naba nyiri imitungo kwishyiriraho imashini itanga imisoro, inkunga, ninkunga.
Ibipimo ngenderwaho no gukorana:
Duteze imbere kwemeza ibipimo byogukwirakwiza kwisi kugirango habeho imikoranire hagati yimodoka zitandukanye za EV hamwe numuyoboro wishyuza.
Shyira mu bikorwa protocole itumanaho ifunguye kugirango yemere guhuza imiyoboro itandukanye yo kwishyuza, ituma abayikoresha bashobora kubona abatanga amafaranga menshi hamwe na konti imwe.
Kwishyira hamwe no gucunga ingufu:
Huza sitasiyo yo kwishyuza hamwe na tekinoroji ya gride yubuhanga kugirango ucunge ingufu zikenewe kandi zitange neza.
Shyira mu bikorwa ibisubizo bibika ingufu, nka bateri cyangwa ibinyabiziga biva kuri gride (V2G), kugirango uhuze ibyifuzo bikenewe kandi byongere umurongo wa gride.
Uburambe bw'abakoresha no kugerwaho:
Menya neza ko sitasiyo zishyuza zorohereza abakoresha, hamwe namabwiriza asobanutse hamwe nuburyo bwo kwishyura bworoshye.
Tanga amakuru nyayo kubijyanye na charger iboneka hamwe na status ukoresheje porogaramu zigendanwa na sisitemu yo kugenda.
Kubungabunga bisanzwe no kuzamura:
Gushiraho protocole yo kubungabunga kugirango wizere kandi umutekano wibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza.
Teganya kuzamura buri gihe kugirango ushyigikire ingufu zisumba izindi niterambere rishya ryikoranabuhanga.
Mu gusoza, ibipimo bitandukanye byo kwishyuza mu turere dutandukanye byerekana ko hakenewe uburyo bunoze bwo guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo bya EV. Mugusobanukirwa no gukemura ibisabwa byihariye bya buri cyiciro, abafatanyabikorwa barashobora kubaka neza umuyoboro wuzuye kandi wizewe ushyigikira isi yose kugana amashanyarazi.
Twandikire:
Kubijyanye no kugisha inama no kubaza ibisubizo byishyurwa, nyamuneka hamagara Lesley:
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-25-2024
