Uko isoko ry’ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi (EV) rigenda ryaguka ku isi hose, ni ko hakenewe ibikorwa remezo bikoresha amashanyarazi kandi binoze. Uturere dutandukanye twashyizeho amahame atandukanye kugira ngo duhuze n’ibyifuzo byatwo byihariye by’amashanyarazi, ibidukikije bigenga, n’ubushobozi bw’ikoranabuhanga. Iyi nkuru itanga isesengura ryimbitse ry’amahame y’ibanze agenga amashanyarazi ya EV muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, i Burayi, mu Bushinwa, mu Buyapani, no muri sisitemu ya Tesla, igaragaza neza ibisabwa n’amashanyarazi asanzwe n’ubu, ingaruka ku bigo bitanga amashanyarazi, n’ingamba zifatika zo guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo.
Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika: SAE J1772 na CCS
Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gushyushya amashanyarazi bikoreshwa cyane ni SAE J1772 yo gushyushya AC na Sisitemu yo Gushyushya Ingano (CCS) yo gushyushya AC na DC. Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya SAE J1772, bizwi kandi ku izina rya J plug, bikoreshwa cyane mu gushyushya AC yo ku rwego rwa 1 na 2. Gushyushya urwego rwa 1 bikoresha volts 120 (V) na amperes 16 (A), bitanga ingufu zigera kuri kilowatts 1.92 (kW). Gushyushya urwego rwa 2 bikoresha 240V na 80A, bitanga ingufu zigera kuri 19.2 kW.
Igipimo cya CCS gishyigikira ingufu nyinshi zo gushyushya DC vuba, aho chargers zisanzwe za DC muri Amerika zitanga hagati ya 50 kW na 350 kW kuri volts 200 kugeza 1000 na 500A. Iki gipimo gifasha gushyushya vuba, bigatuma kiba kibereye ingendo ndende n'ibikorwa by'ubucuruzi.
Ibisabwa mu bikorwa remezo:
Ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho: Gushyiramo amashanyarazi ya AC (Urwego rwa 1 n'Urwego rwa 2) birahendutse cyane kandi bishobora guhuzwa n'amazu yo guturamo n'ay'ubucuruzi hamwe n'amashanyarazi asanzweho.
Ingufu ziboneka:Gukoresha DC byihusebisaba kuvugurura ibikorwa remezo by'amashanyarazi bikomeye, harimo guhuza amashanyarazi afite ubushobozi bwo hejuru n'uburyo bukomeye bwo gukonjesha kugira ngo hagenzurwe uburyo ubushyuhe bushira.
Iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko agenga imikorere: Gukurikiza amategeko agenga imyubakire n'amabwiriza agenga umutekano ni ingenzi kugira ngo ahantu ho gushyurira amashanyarazi hashyirwe mu mutekano.
Uburayi: Ubwoko bwa 2 na CCS
Uburayi bukoresha cyane cyane connector yo mu bwoko bwa 2, izwi kandi nka connector ya Mennekes, mu gusharija AC na CCS mu gusharija DC. Connector yo mu bwoko bwa 2 yagenewe gusharija AC mu byiciro bimwe na bitatu. Gusharija AC mu byiciro bimwe bikora kuri 230V no kugeza kuri 32A, bitanga kugeza kuri 7.4 kW. Gusharija ibyuma bitatu bishobora kugeza kuri 43 kW kuri 400V na 63A.
CCS yo mu Burayi, izwi nka CCS2, ishyigikira AC na DC charger.Gukoresha DC byihuseMu Burayi ubusanzwe ikoreshwa ringana na 50 kW kugeza kuri 350 kW, rikora ku muvuduko uri hagati ya 200V na 1000V n'umuvuduko ugera kuri 500A.
Ibisabwa mu bikorwa remezo:
Ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho: Gushyiramo charger zo mu bwoko bwa 2 biroroshye cyane kandi bihuye n'amashanyarazi menshi yo mu ngo no mu bucuruzi.
Kuboneka k'amashanyarazi: Kuba ingufu nyinshi zikoreshwa mu gushyushya vuba bya DC bisaba ishoramari rikomeye mu bikorwa remezo, harimo imiyoboro yihariye y'amashanyarazi menshi hamwe na sisitemu zigezweho zo gucunga ubushyuhe.
Iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko agenga imikorere: Iyubahirizwa ry’amahame agenga umutekano n’imikoranire y’ibihugu by’Uburayi rituma sitasiyo zo gushyushya amashanyarazi zikoreshwa kandi zigashyirwa mu bikorwa neza.
Ubushinwa: Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya GB/T
Ubushinwa bukoresha igipimo cya GB/T haba mu gushyushya AC na DC. Igipimo cya GB/T 20234.2 gikoreshwa mu gushyushya AC, aho gushyushya AC mu buryo bumwe bikorera kuri 220V no kugeza kuri 32A, bitanga 7.04 kW. Gushyushya 380V no kugeza kuri 63A, bitanga 43.8 kW.
Kugira ngo DC isharishe vuba,Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya GB/T 20234.3Ishyigikira urwego rw'ingufu kuva kuri 30 kW kugeza kuri 360 kW, hamwe n'ingufu zikoreshwa kuva kuri 200V kugeza 1000V n'ingufu zikoreshwa kugeza kuri 400A.
Ibisabwa mu bikorwa remezo:
Ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho: Imashini zikoresha AC zishingiye ku gipimo cya GB/T zirahendutse kandi zishobora guhuzwa n'ahantu ho gutura, ubucuruzi, n'ahantu rusange hamwe n'ibikorwaremezo by'amashanyarazi bihari.
Kuboneka k'amashanyarazi: Gukoresha charger zihuta za DC bisaba kongera ibikorwaremezo by'amashanyarazi, harimo guhuza ingufu nyinshi na sisitemu nziza zo gukonjesha kugira ngo bicunge ubushyuhe butangwa mu gihe cyo gukoresha charger nyinshi.
Iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko: Guharanira ko amahame y’igihugu cy’Ubushinwa n’amabwiriza y’umutekano yubahirizwa ni ingenzi kugira ngo sitasiyo zo gushyushya amashanyarazi zishyirwe mu buryo bwizewe kandi bunoze.
Ubuyapani: Igipimo cya CHAdeMO
Ubuyapani bukoresha cyane cyane ibipimo ngenderwaho bya CHAdeMO mu gusharija vuba kwa DC. CHAdeMO ishyigikira ingufu zisohoka kuva kuri 50 kW kugeza kuri 400 kW, hamwe n'amashanyarazi ari hagati ya 200V na 1000V n'amashanyarazi agera kuri 400A. Mu gusharija AC, Ubuyapani bukoresha ubwoko bwa 1 (J1772) connector, bukora kuri 100V cyangwa 200V mu gusharija mu buryo bumwe, hamwe n'amashanyarazi agera kuri 6 kW.
Ibisabwa mu bikorwa remezo:
Ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho: Gushyiramo chargers za AC zikoresha connector ya Type 1 biroroshye kandi bihendutse mu mazu no mu bucuruzi.
Kuboneka k'amashanyarazi: Gukoresha charger zihuta za DC hashingiwe ku gipimo cya CHAdeMO bisaba ishoramari rikomeye ry'ibikorwa remezo by'amashanyarazi, harimo imiyoboro yihariye ya voltage nyinshi na sisitemu zigezweho zo gukonjesha.
Iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko: Gukurikiza amahame y’umutekano n’imikorere myiza y’Ubuyapani ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo sitasiyo zo gushyushya amashanyarazi zikore neza kandi zikomeze kubungabungwa.
Tesla: Umuyoboro wa Supercharger w’Ubwishingizi
Tesla ikoresha uburyo bwihariye bwo gusharija umuyoboro wayo wa Supercharger, itanga gusharija vuba cyane kuri DC. Tesla Superchargers ishobora gutanga amashanyarazi agera kuri 250 kW, ikora kuri 480V na 500A. Imodoka za Tesla zo mu Burayi zifite ibikoresho bya CCS2, bituma zikoresha sharija vuba za CCS.
Ibisabwa mu bikorwa remezo:
Ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho: Superchargers za Tesla zirimo ishoramari rikomeye mu bikorwa remezo, harimo guhuza amashanyarazi afite ubushobozi bwo hejuru na sisitemu zikonjesha zigezweho kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu gucunga ingufu nyinshi.
Kuboneka k'amashanyarazi: Kuba Superchargers zisaba ingufu nyinshi bisaba kuvugurura ibikorwa remezo by'amashanyarazi, akenshi bigasaba ubufatanye n'ibigo by'amashanyarazi.
Iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko: Guharanira ko amahame n’amabwiriza agenga umutekano mu karere byubahirizwa ni ingenzi kugira ngo umuyoboro wa Tesla Supercharger ukore neza kandi mu mutekano.
Ingamba Zifatika zo Guteza Imbere Sitasiyo zo Gushyushya Ibiciro
Gutegura ahantu hagomba kubakwa by'ingenzi:
Uturere tw’Imijyi: Ibande ku gushyiramo charger za AC mu bice by’imiturire, iby’ubucuruzi, n’ibiparika rusange kugira ngo bitange uburyo bworoshye kandi bworoshye bwo gusharija buri munsi.
Imihanda minini n'inzira ndende: Shyira charger za DC mu buryo buhoraho ku mihanda minini n'inzira ndende kugira ngo byorohereze abagenzi charger vuba.
Ahantu ho Gucururiza: Shyira charger za DC zikoresha ingufu nyinshi ku bigo by'ubucuruzi, ku bigo bishinzwe gutwara ibintu, no ku bigega by'imodoka kugira ngo bishyigikire ibikorwa by'ubucuruzi bya EV.
Ubufatanye hagati ya Leta n'abikorera ku giti cyabo:
Gukorana na za guverinoma z'ibanze, ibigo by'imari n'imigabane, n'ibigo byigenga kugira ngo batere inkunga kandi bashyireho ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza.
Gushishikariza ibigo n'abafite imitungo gushyiraho amashanyarazi ya EV binyuze mu gutanga inguzanyo z'imisoro, inkunga, n'inkunga.
Ubuziranenge n'imikoranire:
Guteza imbere ishyirwaho ry’amahame ngenderwaho yo gushyushya ibikoresho kugira ngo habeho imikoranire myiza hagati y’uburyo butandukanye bwa EV n’imiyoboro yo gushyushya ibikoresho.
Shyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza y’itumanaho rifunguye kugira ngo habeho guhuza neza imiyoboro itandukanye yo gusharija, bityo abakoresha bashobora kugera ku batanga serivisi nyinshi zo gusharija bakoresheje konti imwe.
Guhuza imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi n'imicungire y'ingufu:
Huza ikoranabuhanga ryo gushyushya ingufu mu buryo bwihuse kugira ngo ucunge neza ikoreshwa ry'ingufu n'itangwa ryazo.
Shyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo kubika ingufu, nka bateri cyangwa sisitemu yo kuva ku modoka kugera ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi (V2G), kugira ngo habeho kuringaniza ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi ryiyongera kandi hongererwe ubusugire bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi.
Ubunararibonye bw'umukoresha n'uburyo bwo kumworohereza:
Menya neza ko ahantu ho kwishyuza amafaranga ari ho horoshye gukoresha, hakubiyemo amabwiriza asobanutse neza n'uburyo bwo kwishyura bushoboka.
Tanga amakuru nyayo ku bijyanye n'uko charger iboneka n'uko ihagaze binyuze muri porogaramu za telefoni na sisitemu zo kuyobora.
Gusana no Kuvugurura Ibikoresho Buri Gisanzwe:
Gushyiraho amabwiriza yo kubungabunga ibikorwa remezo kugira ngo harebwe ko ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza ari inyangamugayo kandi birangwa n'umutekano.
Teganya kuvugurura buri gihe kugira ngo ushyigikire ingufu nyinshi zituruka ku ngufu n'iterambere rishya ry'ikoranabuhanga.
Mu gusoza, amahame atandukanye yo gushyushya mu turere dutandukanye agaragaza ko hakenewe uburyo bujyanye n’iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo bya EV. Mu gusobanukirwa no gukemura ibisabwa byihariye bya buri gipimo, abafatanyabikorwa bashobora kubaka neza umuyoboro wuzuye kandi wizewe wo gushyushya ushyigikira impinduka ku isi yose mu kugenda kw’amashanyarazi.
Twandikire:
Kubindi bisobanuro byihariye n'ibibazo bijyanye n'uburyo bwacu bwo kwishyuza, nyamuneka hamagara Lesley:
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-25-2024
