Iterambere ryihuse ry’isoko ry’ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu mu Bushinwa, ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rya Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) ryabaye ingenzi cyane mu kubaka ingamba z’ingufu z’igihugu hamwe na gride zikoresha ubwenge. Ikoranabuhanga rya V2G rihindura ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi mubice bibika ingufu zigendanwa kandi bigakoresha ibirundo byuburyo bubiri kugirango umenye amashanyarazi ava mumodoka yerekeza kuri gride. Binyuze muri iryo koranabuhanga, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi birashobora gutanga ingufu kuri gride mugihe kiremereye cyane kandi ikishyuza mugihe gito cyumutwaro, bifasha kuringaniza imizigo kuri gride.
Ku ya 4 Mutarama 2024, Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura n’izindi nzego basohoye inyandiko ya mbere ya politiki y’imbere mu gihugu yibanda cyane cyane ku ikoranabuhanga rya V2G - “Ibitekerezo byo gushyira mu bikorwa gushimangira ubufatanye n’imikoranire y’ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu n’amashanyarazi.” Hashingiwe ku "Igitekerezo kiyobora ku bijyanye no kurushaho kubaka gahunda y’ibikorwa remezo byo mu rwego rwo hejuru byishyurwa" cyatanzwe n’ibiro bikuru by’Inama y’igihugu, ibitekerezo by’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ntibyasobanuye gusa ibisobanuro by’ikoranabuhanga rikorana n’imodoka, ahubwo ryanashyizeho intego zihariye kandi ingamba, kandi ateganya kuzikoresha mu ruzi rwa Yangtze Delta, Pearl River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Shandong, Sichuan na Chongqing n'utundi turere dufite imiterere ikuze yo gushinga imishinga yo kwerekana.
Amakuru yabanjirije aya yerekana ko mu gihugu hari ibirundo bigera ku 1.000 gusa byo kwishyuza bifite imirimo ya V2G, kandi kuri ubu mu gihugu hari miliyoni 3.98 zishyiraho ibirundo byo kwishyuza, bingana na 0.025% gusa by’umubare rusange w’ibirundo byishyurwa. Byongeye kandi, tekinoroji ya V2G yo guhuza ibinyabiziga-imiyoboro nayo irakuze cyane, kandi ikoreshwa nubushakashatsi bwikoranabuhanga ntibisanzwe mumahanga. Nkigisubizo, hari umwanya munini wo kunoza icyamamare cya tekinoroji ya V2G mumijyi.
Nkumupilote wumujyi wa karuboni nkeya, Pekin iteza imbere ikoreshwa ryingufu zishobora kubaho. Imodoka nini nini zo muri uyu mujyi n’ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza byashizeho urufatiro rwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya V2G. Mu mpera za 2022, umujyi wubatse ibirundo birenga 280.000 byo kwishyuza hamwe na sitasiyo 292 zo guhinduranya batiri.
Nyamara, mugihe cyo kuzamura no gushyira mubikorwa, ikoranabuhanga rya V2G naryo rihura nuruhererekane rwibibazo, cyane cyane bijyanye nuburyo bushoboka bwo gukora nyabyo no kubaka ibikorwa remezo bijyanye. Dufashe Beijing nk'icyitegererezo, abashakashatsi bo mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Paper baherutse gukora ubushakashatsi ku mbaraga zo mu mijyi, amashanyarazi no kwishyuza inganda zijyanye n'ibirundo.
Inzira ebyiri zo kwishyuza bisaba ikiguzi cyambere cyo gushora
Abashakashatsi bamenye ko niba ikoranabuhanga rya V2G ryamamaye mu mijyi, rishobora kugabanya neza ikibazo kiriho cy '“bigoye kubona ibirundo byo kwishyuza” mu mijyi. Ubushinwa buracyari mubyiciro byambere byo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya V2G. Nkuko umuntu ushinzwe uruganda rwamashanyarazi yabigaragaje, mubitekerezo, tekinoroji ya V2G isa no kwemerera terefone zigendanwa kwishyuza amabanki y’amashanyarazi, ariko kuyakoresha nyayo bisaba gucunga neza bateri no gukorana na gride.
Abashakashatsi bakoze iperereza ku masosiyete yishyuza ibirundo i Beijing maze bamenya ko kuri ubu, ibyinshi mu birundo byo kwishyuza i Beijing ari ibirundo bimwe byo kwishyuza bishobora kwishyuza imodoka gusa. Gutezimbere inzira ebyiri zo kwishyuza hamwe nibikorwa bya V2G, kuri ubu duhura nibibazo byinshi bifatika:
Icya mbere, imijyi yo mucyiciro cya mbere, nka Beijing, ihura n'ikibazo cyo kubura ubutaka. Kubaka sitasiyo yo kwishyuza ifite imikorere ya V2G, haba gukodesha cyangwa kugura ubutaka, bisobanura ishoramari ryigihe kirekire nigiciro kinini. Ikirenzeho, biragoye kubona ubundi butaka buboneka.
Icya kabiri, bizatwara igihe cyo guhindura ibirundo byo kwishyuza. Igiciro cyishoramari cyo kubaka ibirundo byo kwishyuza ni kinini, harimo ikiguzi cyibikoresho, umwanya wo gukodesha hamwe n’insinga zo guhuza amashanyarazi. Ishoramari risanzwe rifata byibuze imyaka 2-3 kugirango risubizwe. Niba retrofiting ishingiye kubirundo byishyurwa biriho, ibigo birashobora kubura imbaraga zihagije mbere yuko ibiciro byishyurwa.
Mbere, ibitangazamakuru byatangaje ko kuri ubu, kumenyekanisha ikoranabuhanga rya V2G mu mijyi bizahura n’ibibazo bibiri bikomeye: Iya mbere ni igiciro cyambere cyo kubaka. Icya kabiri, niba amashanyarazi yimodoka yamashanyarazi ahujwe na gride idateganijwe, birashobora kugira ingaruka kumurongo wa gride.
Icyerekezo cy'ikoranabuhanga gifite icyizere kandi gifite amahirwe menshi mugihe kirekire.
Gukoresha tekinoroji ya V2G bisobanura iki kubafite imodoka? Ubushakashatsi bujyanye nubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ingufu za tramari ntoya zingana na 6km / kWt (ni ukuvuga isaha imwe kilowatt yumuriro irashobora gukora kilometero 6). Ubushobozi bwa bateri yimodoka ntoya yamashanyarazi muri rusange ni 60-80kWh (60-80 kilowatt-yamashanyarazi), kandi imodoka yamashanyarazi irashobora kwishyuza amasaha 80 kilowatt-yumuriro. Nyamara, gukoresha ibinyabiziga gukoresha ingufu zirimo no guhumeka, nibindi ugereranije nuburyo bwiza, intera yo gutwara izagabanuka.
Ushinzwe isosiyete ishinzwe kwishyuza ibirundo bimaze kuvugwa afite icyizere ku ikoranabuhanga rya V2G. Yagaragaje ko imodoka nshya y’ingufu ishobora kubika kilowatt-amasaha 80 y’amashanyarazi iyo yishyuye neza kandi ishobora gutanga amashanyarazi ya kilowatt-50 kuri gride buri gihe. Kubarwa hashingiwe ku giciro cyo kwishyuza amashanyarazi abashakashatsi babonye muri parikingi yo munsi y’ubucuruzi bw’imangazini yo mu burasirazuba bwa kane buzenguruka umuhanda, Beijing, igiciro cyo kwishyuza mu masaha y’ikirenga ni 1.1 yuan / kWt (ibiciro byo kwishyuza biri hasi mu nkengero), kandi igiciro cyo kwishyuza mugihe cyamasaha ni 2.1 yuan / kWt. Dufashe ko nyir'imodoka yishyuza mu masaha yo hejuru ya buri munsi kandi agatanga amashanyarazi kuri gride mu masaha yo hejuru, ukurikije ibiciro biriho, nyir'imodoka ashobora kubona inyungu byibuze 50 yu munsi. Ati: "Hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’ibiciro iva mu muyoboro w’amashanyarazi, nko gushyira mu bikorwa ibiciro by’isoko mu masaha y’ikirenga, amafaranga ava mu binyabiziga bitanga amashanyarazi ku birundo birashobora kwishyurwa."
Ushinzwe uruganda rw'amashanyarazi rumaze kuvugwa yerekanye ko binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rya V2G, hagomba gutekerezwa amafaranga yo gutakaza bateri igihe ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi byohereje amashanyarazi kuri gride. Raporo zingenzi zerekana ko igiciro cya bateri 60kWh kingana na US $ 7,680 (ahwanye n’amafaranga 55.000).
Kwishyuza ibigo byikirundo, uko umubare wimodoka nshya zingufu zikomeje kwiyongera, isoko ryikoranabuhanga rya V2G naryo riziyongera. Iyo ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi byohereje amashanyarazi kuri gride binyuze mu birundo byo kwishyuza, ibigo byishyuza birashobora kwishyuza "amafaranga ya serivise". Byongeye kandi, mu mijyi myinshi yo mu Bushinwa, ibigo bishora imari kandi bigakoresha ibirundo byo kwishyuza, kandi leta izatanga inkunga ijyanye nayo.
Imijyi yo murugo igenda itera imbere porogaramu za V2G. Muri Nyakanga 2023, sitasiyo ya mbere yerekana amashanyarazi ya V2G yo mu mujyi wa Zhoushan yatangiye gukoreshwa ku mugaragaro, kandi itegeko rya mbere ryo gucuruza muri parike mu Ntara ya Zhejiang ryarangiye neza. Ku ya 9 Mutarama 2024, NIO yatangaje ko icyiciro cyayo cya mbere cy’amashanyarazi 10 ya V2G muri Shanghai cyatangiye gukoreshwa ku mugaragaro.
Cui Dongshu, umunyamabanga mukuru w’ishyirahamwe ry’igihugu gishinzwe amakuru ku isoko ry’imodoka zitwara abagenzi, afite icyizere ku bushobozi bw’ikoranabuhanga rya V2G. Yabwiye abashakashatsi ko hamwe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rya batiri, ingufu za bateri zishobora kwiyongera inshuro zigera ku 3.000 cyangwa zirenga, ibyo bikaba bihwanye n’imyaka 10 yo gukoresha. Ibi nibyingenzi cyane muburyo bwo gusaba aho ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bikunze kwishyurwa no gusohoka.
Abashakashatsi bo mu mahanga bakoze ubushakashatsi busa. ACT yo muri Ositaraliya iherutse kurangiza umushinga w’imyaka ibiri V2G umushinga w’ubushakashatsi witwa “Kumenyekanisha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi kuri serivisi za Grid (REVS)”. Irerekana ko hamwe niterambere rinini ryiterambere ryikoranabuhanga, ibiciro byo kwishyuza V2G biteganijwe ko bizagabanuka cyane. Ibi bivuze ko mugihe kirekire, nkuko ibiciro byibikoresho byo kwishyuza bigabanuka, igiciro cyibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi nacyo kizagabanuka, bityo bigabanye amafaranga yo gukoresha igihe kirekire. Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi birashobora kandi kuba ingirakamaro cyane mu kuringaniza iyinjizwa ry’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu muri gride mu gihe cy’amashanyarazi.
Irakeneye ubufatanye bwa gride yamashanyarazi nigisubizo cyisoko.
Kurwego rwa tekiniki, inzira yimodoka zamashanyarazi zigaburira amashanyarazi bizongera umurego mubikorwa rusange.
Xi Guofu, umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe iterambere ry’inganda mu kigo cya Leta gishinzwe amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa, yigeze kuvuga ko kwishyuza ibinyabiziga bishya bikubiyemo “umutwaro mwinshi n’ingufu nke”. Benshi mu bafite ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu bamenyereye kwishyuza hagati ya 19h00 na 23h00, ibyo bikaba bihura nigihe cyo hejuru cyumuriro wamashanyarazi. Nka 85%, byongerera imbaraga imbaraga zumutwaro kandi bizana ingaruka zikomeye kumurongo wo gukwirakwiza.
Duhereye ku buryo bufatika, iyo ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bigaruye ingufu zamashanyarazi kuri gride, transformateur irasabwa guhindura voltage kugirango ihuze na gride. Ibi bivuze ko uburyo bwo gusohora ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bigomba guhuza na tekinoroji ya transformateur ya gride. By'umwihariko, ihererekanyabubasha riva mu kirundo cy’umuriro kuri tramimu ririmo kohereza ingufu z'amashanyarazi ziva mu muvuduko mwinshi ujya kuri voltage yo hasi, mu gihe ihererekanyabubasha riva muri tramimu ikajya mu kirundo (bityo bikagera kuri gride) bisaba kwiyongera kuva a imbaraga zo hasi kugeza kuri voltage ndende. Mubuhanga Biragoye cyane, birimo guhinduranya voltage no kwemeza ingufu zamashanyarazi no kubahiriza ibipimo bya gride.
Ushinzwe uruganda rw'amashanyarazi rumaze kuvugwa yagaragaje ko umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ugomba gukora neza uburyo bwo gucunga neza ingufu zo kwishyuza no gusohora ibinyabiziga byinshi by'amashanyarazi, ibyo bikaba atari ikibazo cya tekiniki gusa, ahubwo binagira uruhare mu guhindura ingamba zo gukora za gride .
Yagize ati: “Urugero, ahantu hamwe na hamwe, insinga z'amashanyarazi zisanzwe ntizifite umubyimba uhagije kugira ngo zishyigikire umubare munini w'amashanyarazi. Ibi bihwanye na sisitemu y'amazi. Umuyoboro nyamukuru ntushobora gutanga amazi ahagije kumiyoboro yose yishami kandi ugomba gusubirwamo. Ibi bisaba kwisubiraho cyane. Amafaranga menshi yo kubaka. ” Nubwo kwishyuza ibirundo byashyizwe ahantu runaka, ntibishobora gukora neza kubera ibibazo bya gride.
Ibikorwa bijyanye no kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere bigomba gutezwa imbere. Kurugero, imbaraga zo kwishyuza gahoro gahoro ikirundo mubisanzwe ni kilowati 7 (7KW), mugihe ingufu zose zikoreshwa murugo murugo rusanzwe zingana na kilowati 3 (3KW). Niba ikirundo kimwe cyangwa bibiri byo kwishyuza byahujwe, umutwaro urashobora kuba wuzuye, kandi niyo imbaraga zikoreshwa mumasaha atarenze, amashanyarazi arashobora gukorwa neza. Ariko, niba umubare munini wibikoresho byo kwishyuza byahujwe kandi imbaraga zikoreshwa mugihe cyimpera, ubushobozi bwimitwaro ya gride irashobora kurenga.
Ushinzwe uruganda rw'amashanyarazi rumaze kuvugwa yavuze ko mu gihe cyo gukwirakwiza ingufu, hashobora gushakishwa isoko ry’amashanyarazi kugira ngo rikemure ikibazo cyo guteza imbere kwishyuza no gusohora ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu mu mashanyarazi mu gihe kiri imbere. Kugeza ubu, ingufu z'amashanyarazi zigurishwa n’amasosiyete atanga amashanyarazi ku masosiyete akora amashanyarazi, hanyuma akayagabura ku bakoresha no mu nganda. Kuzenguruka mu nzego nyinshi byongera igiciro rusange cyo gutanga amashanyarazi. Niba abakoresha nubucuruzi bashobora kugura amashanyarazi biturutse mubigo bitanga amashanyarazi, bizoroshya urwego rwo gutanga amashanyarazi. “Kugura mu buryo butaziguye birashobora kugabanya imiyoboro hagati, bityo bikagabanya ikiguzi cy'amashanyarazi. Irashobora kandi guteza imbere kwishyuza ibigo by’ibirundo kugira uruhare rugaragara mu gutanga amashanyarazi no kugenzura amashanyarazi, bifite akamaro kanini mu mikorere myiza y’isoko ry’amashanyarazi no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ry’imodoka. “
Qin Jianze, umuyobozi w'ikigo gishinzwe ingufu (Ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura imizigo) ya Leta ya Grid Smart Smart ya Internet ya Vehicles Technology Co., Ltd., yasabye ko mu gukoresha imikorere n'ibyiza by'urubuga rwa interineti rw’ibinyabiziga, ibirundo byishyuza imitungo bishobora guhuzwa. kurubuga rwa interineti rwibinyabiziga kugirango byoroshe imikorere yabashinzwe imibereho. Kubaka urwego, kugabanya ibiciro byishoramari, kugera kubufatanye-bunguka hamwe na enterineti ya moteri yimodoka, kandi wubake urusobe rwibinyabuzima birambye.
Susie
Sichuan Green Science & Technology Ltd, Co
0086 19302815938
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-10-2024
