Nyuma gato y'Umwaka Mushya mu Mwaka w'Ikiyoka, amasosiyete acuruza ibinyabiziga bishya byo mu gihugu yamaze "guhungabana".
Ubwa mbere, BYD yazamuye igiciro cya modeli ya Qin PLUS/Destroyer 05 Honor Edition kigera kuri 79.800 Yuan; nyuma yaho, Wuling, Changan n'andi masosiyete y'imodoka na yo yakurikiranye, ibyo bikaba birimo imbogamizi nyinshi. Uretse kugabanuka kw'ibiciro, BYD, Xpeng n'andi masosiyete y'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu nazo zishora imari mu masoko yo mu mahanga. Hashingiwe ku masoko nka Burayi no mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, bazibanda ku gushakisha amasoko nka Amerika ya Ruguru na Amerika y'Epfo uyu mwaka. Kwagura ingufu nshya mu nyanja byabaye ikintu gikomeje kwiyongera cyane.
Kubera irushanwa rikomeye ryabaye mu myaka ya vuba aha, isoko ry’ibinyabiziga bishya ku isi ry’ingufu ryageze ku rwego rwo hejuru rishingiye ku isoko kuva ku rwego rwo hambere rushingiye kuri politiki.
Bitewe n'uko imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu (EVs) zikunzwe cyane, isoko ryo kwishyuza ryinjijwe mu nganda ryaryo naryo ryazanye amahirwe mashya.
Muri iki gihe, ibintu bitatu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku gukundwa kwa EV ni: ikiguzi cyuzuye cyo gutunga imodoka (TCO), ahantu ho gutemberera imodoka mu bwato n'uburambe bwo gushyushya. Inganda zizera ko igiciro cy'imodoka izwi cyane ikoresha amashanyarazi kingana n'amadolari y'Amerika 36.000, uburebure bw'imodoka ni ibirometero 291, naho igihe ntarengwa cyo gushyushya imodoka ni igice cy'isaha.
Kubera iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga n'igabanuka ry'ibiciro bya batiri, ikiguzi cy'ubwikorezi muri rusange hamwe n'urwego rw'ingendo za EV nshya byombi byaragabanutse. Kuri ubu, igiciro cyo kugurisha cya BEV muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kiri hejuru ya 7% gusa ugereranyije n'igiciro cy'igurisha ry'imodoka. Dukurikije amakuru aturuka muri EAdoption, ikigo gikora ubushakashatsi ku binyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi, impuzandengo y'urugendo rwa BEV (imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi) zigurishwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika yageze kuri kilometero 302 mu 2023.
Imbogamizi ikomeye ibangamira gukundwa kwa EV ni icyuho kiri ku isoko ry’ingufu zo kwishyuza.
Ubudasa bw'umubare uhagije w'ibice byo gusharija, igipimo gito cyo gusharija vuba hagati y'ibice byo gusharija rusange, uburambe buke mu gukoresha gusharija, n'ibikorwaremezo byo gusharija bidahuye n'iterambere ry'imodoka za EV biri kugenda bigaragara cyane. Dukurikije ubushakashatsi bwa McKinsey, "ibice byo gusharija bikunzwe nka sitasiyo za lisansi" byabaye ikintu nyamukuru gituma abaguzi batekereza kugura imodoka za EV.
10:1 ni yo ntego yashyizweho n'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi mu 2030 ku gipimo cy'imodoka za EV ku mpande. Ariko, usibye Ubuholandi, Koreya y'Epfo n'Ubushinwa, igipimo cy'imodoka ku mpande mu yandi masoko akomeye ya EV ku isi kiri hejuru kurusha iki giciro, ndetse kigenda cyiyongera uko umwaka utashye. Dukurikije amakuru aturuka mu Kigo Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Ingufu, igipimo cy'imodoka ku mpande mu masoko abiri akomeye ya EV ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Ositaraliya biteganijwe ko kizakomeza kwiyongera.
Byongeye kandi, raporo igaragaza ko nubwo umubare w’ibikoresho byo gusharija mu Buholandi na Koreya y’Epfo wakomeje kwiyongera ujyanye n’imodoka za EV, byagabanyije igipimo cyo gusharija vuba, bizatuma habaho icyuho cyo gusharija vuba kandi bikagorana kuzuza ibisabwa n’abakoresha mu gihe cyo gusharija.
Mu ntangiriro z'iterambere ry'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu, ibihugu byinshi byiteze guteza imbere isoko ryo gushyushya binyuze mu guteza imbere gukundwa kwa EV, ariko ibi bizatuma ishoramari ryo gushyushya rigabanuka mu gihe gito. Ishoramari, kubungabunga ibikorwa byo gukurikirana, kuvugurura ibikoresho no kuvugurura porogaramu za sitasiyo zo gushyushya byose bisaba ishoramari rihoraho kandi rinini. Ntabwo byitabwaho bihagije mu ntangiriro, bituma isoko ryo gushyushya ritameze neza kandi ritaragera ku rwego rwo hejuru.
Kugeza ubu, impungenge zo gushyushya imodoka zasimbuye ibibazo by’ubwinshi bw’imodoka n’ibiciro nk’imbogamizi ikomeye ku gukurura imodoka za EV. Ariko kandi bivuze ubushobozi butagira imipaka.
Dukurikije ibyateganijwe, mu 2030, ku isi hose imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zizarenga miliyoni 70, naho abatunze imodoka bazagera kuri miliyoni 380. Biteganijwe ko igipimo cy’imodoka nshya ku isi kizagera kuri 60%. Muri zo, amasoko nka Burayi na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika arimo kwiyongera cyane, kandi amasoko mashya nka Aziya y’Amajyepfo y’Uburasirazuba n’Iburasirazuba bwo Hagati akeneye guturika byihutirwa. Icyorezo cy’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu ku isi cyatanze amahirwe adasanzwe ku nganda zikoresha ingufu mu Bushinwa.
Xiaguang Think Tank, ikigo cy’ubujyanama muri ShineGlobal, gishingiye ku makuru ajyanye n’inganda n’ubushakashatsi ku bakoresha, uhereye ku isoko rishya ry’ibinyabiziga bikoresha ingufu, yakoze isesengura ryimbitse ry’uko iterambere ririho ubu n’uko urwego rwo gushyuza ruhagaze mu gihe kizaza mu masoko atatu akomeye y’i Burayi, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, na Aziya y’Amajyepfo y’Uburasirazuba, maze ihuza n’abahagarariye amasosiyete yo mu mahanga mu nganda zo gushyuza. Isesengura ry’imanza n’ibisobanuro, “Raporo y’Ubushakashatsi ku Nganda zo mu Mahanga zo Gushyuza” yasohotse ku mugaragaro, yizeye kubona ibisobanuro ku isoko ryo gushyuza ku isi no guha imbaraga amasosiyete yo mu mahanga mu nganda.
Impinduka mu bijyanye n'ingufu mu rwego rw'ubwikorezi bw'ubutaka mu Burayi zirihuta cyane kandi ni rimwe mu masoko manini y'ibinyabiziga bishya bikoresha ingufu ku isi.
Muri iki gihe, kugurisha imodoka za EV n'imigabane mu Burayi biriyongera. Igipimo cyo kwinjira mu kugurisha imodoka za EV mu Burayi cyavuye kuri 3% mu 2018 kigera kuri 23% mu 2023, hamwe n'umuvuduko wihuse. Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Ingufu giteganya ko mu 2030, 58% by'imodoka mu Burayi zizaba ari imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu, kandi umubare wazo uzagera kuri miliyoni 56.
Dukurikije intego y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi yo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, kugurisha imodoka zikoresha moteri zizahagarikwa burundu mu 2035. Biteganyijwe ko abareba isoko ry’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu mu Burayi bazava ku isoko rinini ry’imodoka zikoresha ingufu za elegitoroniki. Intambwe rusange y’iterambere rya EV ni nziza kandi igeze ku ntera ishimishije ku isoko.
Iterambere ry'isoko ry'amashanyarazi mu Burayi ntiryajyanye n'uko imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zikundwa, kandi amashanyarazi aracyari imbogamizi ikomeye mu gusimbuza peteroli amashanyarazi.
Ku bijyanye n'ingano, ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki byo mu Burayi bigurishwa birenga kimwe cya gatatu cy'ibicuruzwa byose ku isi, ariko umubare w'ibice bishyushya ugera munsi ya 18% by'ibicuruzwa byose ku isi. Igipimo cy'ubwiyongere bw'ibice bishyushya muri EU mu myaka yashize, uretse kuba biri ahantu hagari muri 2022, kiri hasi ugereranije n'igipimo cy'ubwiyongere bw'ibice bishyushya. Kuri ubu, hari ibice bishyushya rusange bigera ku 630.000 (ibisobanuro bya AFIR) mu bihugu 27 by'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi. Ariko, kugira ngo intego yo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere igera kuri 50% mu 2030 igerweho, umubare w'ibice bishyushya ugomba kugera nibura kuri miliyoni 3.4 kugira ngo habeho ubwiyongere bw'ubwiyongere bw'ibicuruzwa bishyushya amashanyarazi.
Ukurikije uburyo isoko ry’amashanyarazi rikwirakwira mu turere, iterambere ry’isoko ry’amashanyarazi mu bihugu by’i Burayi ntiringana, kandi ubucucike bw’amamashini ashyushya bwibanda cyane cyane mu bihugu bya mbere mu ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoroniki nk’Ubuholandi, Ubufaransa, Ubudage, n’Ubwongereza. Muri byo, Ubuholandi, Ubufaransa n’Ubudage bigira 60% by’umubare w’amamashini ashyushya mu bihugu by’i Burayi.
Itandukaniro ry’iterambere mu mubare w’imizingo ishyushya kuri buri muntu mu Burayi riragaragara cyane. Ku bijyanye n’abaturage n’ubuso, ubucucike bw’imizingo ishyushya mu Buholandi buruta kure ubw’ibindi bihugu by’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi. Byongeye kandi, iterambere ry’isoko ry’imizingo mu karere mu gihugu naryo ntiringana, aho imbaraga zo gushyushya kuri buri muntu mu turere dufite abaturage benshi ziri hasi. Uku gukwirakwiza kutangana ni ikintu cy’ingenzi kibangamira gukundwa kwa EV.
Ariko, icyuho mu isoko ry’ibiciro nacyo kizazana amahirwe yo gutera imbere.
Mbere na mbere, abaguzi b'i Burayi bita cyane ku buryo bworoshye bwo gusharija mu bihe bitandukanye. Kubera ko abaturage bo mu turere twa kera tw'imijyi y'i Burayi badafite aho baparika imodoka mu nzu hadahinduka kandi badafite uburyo bwo gushyiraho sharija zo mu ngo, abaguzi bashobora gukoresha sharija zo mu muhanda buhoro buhoro nijoro. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko kimwe cya kabiri cy'abaguzi bo mu Butaliyani, Esipanye na Polonye bakunda gusharija ahantu hasanzwe ho gusharija no mu kazi. Ibi bivuze ko abakora ibicuruzwa bashobora kwibanda ku kwagura uburyo bwo gusharija, kunoza uburyo bworoshye bwo gusharija no guhaza ibyo abakoresha bakeneye.
Icya kabiri, uburyo bwo gushyushya DC vuba mu Burayi buriho buri inyuma, kandi gushyushya vuba no gushyushya vuba cyane bizaba intambwe ikomeye ku isoko. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko abarenga kimwe cya kabiri cy'abakoresha mu bihugu byinshi by'i Burayi biteguye gutegereza mu minota 40 gusa kugira ngo bashyushye ku mugaragaro. Abakoresha ku masoko akura nka Esipanye, Polonye n'Ubutaliyani bafite kwihangana guke, aho abarenga 40% by'abakoresha biteze gushyushya kugeza kuri 80% mu minota 20. Ariko, abakoresha amashanyarazi bafite ubumenyi busanzwe mu bigo by'ingufu bibanda cyane cyane ku kubaka ahantu hakoreshwa AC. Hari icyuho mu gushyushya vuba no gushyushya vuba cyane, bizaba ari ikintu cy'ingenzi mu guhangana n'abakoresha bakomeye mu gihe kizaza.
Muri rusange, umushinga w’itegeko ry’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi ku bikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza warangiye, ibihugu byose bishishikariza ishoramari mu bigo byo kwishyuza, kandi gahunda nyamukuru y’isoko irarangiye. Isoko ry’i Burayi ryo kwishyuza ririmo gutera imbere, aho hari amagana y’abakora imiyoboro minini n’iciriritse yo kwishyuza (CPOs) n’abatanga serivisi zo kwishyuza (MSPs). Ariko, ikwirakwizwa ryabyo ririmo ibice byinshi, kandi ibihugu icumi bya mbere bifite isoko riri munsi ya 25%.
Mu gihe kiri imbere, biteganijwe ko inganda nyinshi zizinjira muri iri rushanwa kandi inyungu zazo zizatangira kugaragara. Ibigo byo mu mahanga bishobora kubona aho bihagaze neza no gukoresha inyungu zabyo mu bunararibonye kugira ngo byuzuze icyuho ku isoko. Ariko, icyarimwe, imbogamizi nazo zijyana n'amahirwe, kandi bigomba kwibanda ku bijyanye no kurinda ubucuruzi n'ibibazo byo mu gace k'i Burayi.
Kuva mu 2022, ukwiyongera kw'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kwihuta, kandi biteganijwe ko umubare w'imodoka uzagera kuri miliyoni 5 muri 2023. Ariko, muri rusange, miliyoni 5 zigize munsi ya 1.8% by'umubare wose w'imodoka zitwara abagenzi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, kandi iterambere ryazo rya EV riri inyuma y'iry'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi n'Ubushinwa. Dukurikije intego yo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, umubare w'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ugomba kuba urenga kimwe cya kabiri mu 2030, kandi umubare w'imodoka muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ugomba kurenga miliyoni 30, bingana na 12%.
Iterambere rito ry’amashanyarazi ya EV ryatumye habaho inenge ku isoko ry’amashanyarazi. Kugeza mu mpera za 2023, hari imiyoboro 160.000 yo gushyushya muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, bingana n’impuzandengo ya 3.000 gusa kuri buri leta. Igipimo cy’imodoka hagati y’imiyoboro ni hafi 30:1, kiri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n’impuzandengo y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi ya 13:1 n’igipimo cy’Ubushinwa cya 7.3:1 cyo gushyushya muri rusange imiyoboro 7.3:1. Kugira ngo habeho ibyifuzo byo gushyushya muri EV mu 2030, igipimo cy’ubwiyongere bw’imiyoboro shyushya muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kigomba kwiyongeraho inshuro zirenga eshatu mu myaka irindwi iri imbere, ni ukuvuga ko nibura imiyoboro 50.000 yo gushyushya izongeraho buri mwaka. By’umwihariko, umubare w’imiyoboro shyushya ya DC ugomba kwiyongera hafi kabiri.
Isoko ryo kwishyuza rya Amerika rifite ibibazo bitatu bikomeye: ikwirakwizwa ry’isoko ritaringaniye, ubwizigirwa buke bwo kwishyuza, n’uburenganzira budahuje bwo kwishyuza.
Ubwa mbere, uburyo bwo gushyushya imodoka muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bukwirakwira cyane. Itandukaniro riri hagati ya leta zifite ubwinshi bw'imodoka zishyushya imodoka n'izike ni inshuro 4.000, naho itandukaniro riri hagati ya leta zifite ubwinshi bw'imodoka zishyushya imodoka n'izike ni inshuro 15. Leta zifite umubare munini w'ibikoresho byo gushyushya imodoka ni Kaliforuniya, New York, Texas, Florida na Massachusetts. Massachusetts na New York gusa ni byo bihuye neza n'iterambere rya EV. Ku isoko rya Amerika, aho gutwara imodoka ari byo bikunzwe cyane mu ngendo ndende, ikwirakwizwa rito ry'imodoka zishyushya imodoka rigabanya iterambere rya EV.
Icya kabiri, uburyo abakoresha bashyuza amafaranga muri Amerika bakomeza kugabanuka. Umunyamakuru wa Washington Post yasuye sitasiyo 126 za CCS zishyuza amafaranga vuba (zitari Tesla) i Los Angeles mu mpera za 2023. Ibibazo bikomeye byagaragaye ni ukubura ahantu ho gushyuza amafaranga, ibibazo bikomeye byo gushyuza amafaranga, n'uburambe buke bwo kwishyura. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2023 bwagaragaje ko impuzandengo ya 20% by'abakoresha muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bahuye n'imirongo yo gushyuza amafaranga cyangwa ibyuma byo gushyuza byangiritse. Abaguzi bashoboraga gusohoka gusa bagashaka ahandi hantu ho gushyuza amafaranga.
Uburambe bwo gushyushya imodoka muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika buracyari kure y’ibyo abakoresha biteze kandi bushobora kuba bumwe mu masoko akomeye afite uburambe bubi bwo gushyushya imodoka uretse Ubufaransa. Kubera ko imodoka za EV zikunzwe cyane, itandukaniro riri hagati y’ibyo abakoresha bakeneye no gushyushya imodoka inyuma rizarushaho kugaragara.
Icya gatatu, imiryango y’abazungu n’abakire ntabwo ifite ubushobozi bwo gutanga ingufu nk’iz’indi miryango. Kuri ubu, iterambere rya EV muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika riracyari mu ntangiriro. Ukurikije uburyo bw’ingenzi bwo kugurisha n’uburyo bushya bwo mu 2024, abaguzi bakomeye ba EV baracyari abakire. Amakuru agaragaza ko 70% by’imizigo yo gutanga ingufu iherereye mu turere dukize cyane, naho 96% iherereye mu turere twiganjemo abazungu. Nubwo guverinoma yahinduye politiki yo gutanga ingufu za EV n’izo gutanga inguzanyo ku moko y’abantu bake, imiryango ikennye n’ibyaro, umusaruro ntabwo uragaragara.
Mu rwego rwo gukemura ikibazo cy’ibikorwa remezo bidahagije byo kwishyuza amashanyarazi, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zashyizeho imishinga y’amategeko, gahunda z’ishoramari, ndetse zishyiraho n’inkunga za leta ku nzego zose.
Minisiteri y’Ingufu muri Amerika n’Ishami rishinzwe Ubwikorezi bashyize ahagaragara ku bufatanye “Amahame n’Ibisabwa ku Binyabiziga by’Amashanyarazi bya Amerika” muri Gashyantare 2023, bashyiraho amahame ntarengwa n’ibipimo ngenderwaho ku bijyanye na porogaramu na hardware, imikorere, ibikorwa, no kubungabunga sitasiyo zo gushyushya. Ibipimo ngenderwaho bimaze kuzuzwa, sitasiyo zo gushyushya zishobora kwemererwa inkunga. Hashingiwe ku mishinga y’amategeko yabanje, guverinoma y’igihugu yashyizeho gahunda nyinshi zo gushora imari, zigashyikirizwa inzego za leta kugira ngo zigene ingengo y’imari muri za leta buri mwaka, hanyuma zigahabwa inzego z’ibanze.
Kugeza ubu, isoko ryo gushyushya muri Amerika riracyari mu ntangiriro zo kwaguka, abashya baracyari kuzamuka, kandi imiterere ihamye y'irushanwa ntirashyirwaho. Isoko ry'imikorere ya serivisi zo gushyushya rusange muri Amerika rigaragaza imiterere y'imikoreshereze y'amashanyarazi mu buryo busanzwe n'imikoreshereze y'amashanyarazi mu buryo burambye: Imibare ya AFDC igaragaza ko kuva muri Mutarama 2024, hari abakoresha amashanyarazi 44 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, kandi 67% by'imibare y'amashanyarazi mu buryo busanzwe iri mu bice bitatu by'ingenzi byo gushyushya: ChargePoint, Tesla na Blink. Ugereranyije na CPO, ingano y'izindi CPO iratandukanye cyane.
Kwinjira kw'inganda z'Ubushinwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bishobora gukemura ibibazo byinshi biri ku isoko ry'ingufu muri Amerika ubu. Ariko kimwe n'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu, bitewe n'ingaruka za politiki y'isi, biragoye ko amasosiyete y'Abashinwa yinjira ku isoko rya Amerika keretse yubatse inganda muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika cyangwa muri Megizike.
Mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, buri muntu wese mu bantu batatu afite moto. Imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zikoresha amapine abiri (E2W) zimaze igihe kinini ziganza isoko, ariko isoko ry'imodoka riracyari mu iterambere.
Guteza imbere gukwirakwiza imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu bivuze ko isoko ryo muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba rigomba kurenga ku cyiciro cyo gukwirakwiza imodoka. Mu 2023, 70% by'ibicuruzwa bya EV muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba bizaturuka muri Tayilande, ari na yo soko rikuru rya EV muri ako karere. Biteganijwe ko bizagera ku ntego yo kugera ku gipimo cy'ibiciro bya EV bya 30% mu 2030, bikaba igihugu cya mbere uretse Singapuru cyinjiye mu cyiciro cyo gukura cya EV.
Ariko kuri ubu, igiciro cy'imodoka zitwara amashanyarazi muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba kiracyari hejuru cyane ugereranyije n'iy'imodoka zitwara lisansi. Twakora iki kugira ngo abantu badafite imodoka bahitemo imodoka zitwara amashanyarazi iyo baguze imodoka bwa mbere? Twateza imbere dute iterambere ry'amasoko ya EV no gusharija icyarimwe? Ingorane zihura n'ibigo bishya by'ingufu muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba ziruta cyane iz'amasoko akuze.
Ibiranga isoko rya EV mu bihugu byo muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba biratandukanye cyane. Bishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu bitewe n'igihe isoko ry'imodoka rimaze kugera n'igihe isoko rya EV ritangiye.
Icyiciro cya mbere ni amasoko y’imodoka zikuze zo muri Maleziya na Singapuru, aho intego y’iterambere ry’imodoka zigezweho ari ugusimbuza imodoka zikoresha lisansi, kandi igipimo ntarengwa cyo kugurisha imodoka zigezweho kirasobanutse; icyiciro cya kabiri ni isoko ry’imodoka ryo muri Tayilande, riri mu cyiciro cyo gukura mu gihe gito, rifite ibicuruzwa byinshi bigezweho kandi rikura vuba, kandi byitezwe ko rizaba ibihugu bya mbere bitari Singapuru byinjiriye mu cyiciro cyo gukura cy’imodoka zigezweho; icyiciro cya gatatu ni amasoko atangiye vuba n’aciriritse yo muri Indoneziya, Vietnam na Filipine. Ariko, bitewe n’inyungu z’abaturage n’iterambere ry’ubukungu, isoko ry’imodoka zigezweho mu gihe kirekire rifite ubushobozi bunini.
Bitewe n'ibyiciro bitandukanye by'iterambere rya EV, ibihugu bifite itandukaniro mu gushyiraho politiki n'intego zo kwishyuza.
Mu 2021, Maleziya yishyiriyeho intego yo kubaka imiyoboro 10.000 yo gushyushya bitarenze 2025. Inyubako yo gushyushya muri Maleziya ikoresha ingamba zo guhangana ku isoko ryigenga. Mu gihe imiyoboro yo gushyushya ikomeje kwiyongera, ni ngombwa guhuza amahame ngenderwaho ya serivisi za CPO no gushyiraho urubuga rw’ibibazo ruhuriweho rwo gushyushya imiyoboro.
Guhera muri Mutarama 2024, Maleziya ifite imiyoboro irenga 2.000 yo gushyushya, aho intego yo kurangiza ari 20%, muri yo DC yihuta cyane ikaba ari 20%. Inyinshi muri izi miyoboro yo gushyushya zirundanyije ku nkengero za Malacca, aho Kuala Lumpur nini na Selangor bikikije umurwa mukuru bingana na 60% by'imiyoboro yo gushyushya igihugu. Kimwe n'uko bimeze mu bindi bihugu byo muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba, kubaka imiyoboro yo gushyushya birakwirakwira cyane kandi birundanyije cyane mu mijyi minini ituwe cyane.
Guverinoma ya Indoneziya yahaye PLN Guodian inshingano zo kubaka ibikorwa remezo byo gusharija, kandi PLN yanashyize ahagaragara intego z'umubare w'ibikoresho byo gusharija n'ibikoresho byo guhindura bateri byabazwe mu 2025 na 2030. Ariko, iterambere ry'inyubako ryayo ryasubiye inyuma ku ntego n'izamuka ry'amashanyarazi ya EV, cyane cyane mu 2023. Nyuma y'uko iterambere ry'ibicuruzwa bya BEV ryihutishijwe cyane mu 2016, igipimo cy'imodoka kuva ku rundi ruhande cyariyongereye cyane. Ibikorwa remezo byo gusharija bishobora kuba imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye ku iterambere ry'imodoka za EV muri Indoneziya.
Ubwinshi bw'imodoka za E4W na E2W muri Tayilande ni buke cyane, ziganjemo imodoka za BEV. Kimwe cya kabiri cy'imodoka zitwara abagenzi zo mu gihugu na 70% bya BEV zibarizwa muri Greater Bangkok, bityo ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza ubu biri muri Bangkok no mu nkengero zayo. Guhera muri Nzeri 2023, Tayilande ifite imodoka 8.702 zishyuza, aho CPO zirenga icumi zitabira. Kubwibyo, nubwo habayeho kwiyongera kw'igurishwa ry'imodoka za EV, igipimo cy'imodoka hagati y'imodoka n'imodoka kiracyari ku rwego rwiza rwa 10:1.
Mu by’ukuri, Tayilande ifite gahunda zifatika mu bijyanye n’imiterere y’aho ikorera, igipimo cya DC, imiterere y’isoko, n’iterambere ry’inyubako. Kubaka kwayo amashanyarazi bizaba inkunga ikomeye mu gutuma imodoka za EV zikwirakwira.
Isoko ry'imodoka ryo muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba rifite ishingiro ribi, kandi iterambere ry'imodoka zitwara imizigo riracyari mu ntangiriro cyane. Nubwo hateganijwe ko habaho iterambere rikomeye mu myaka mike iri imbere, imiterere ya politiki n'amahirwe y'isoko ry'abaguzi ntibirasobanuka neza, kandi haracyari urugendo rurerure mbere yuko imodoka zitwara imizigo zikundwa by'ukuri. Tugomba gukomeza.
Ku bigo byo mu mahanga, ishami ritanga icyizere ni uguhinduranya ingufu za E2W.
Iterambere rya E2W muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba ryakomeje gutera imbere. Nk'uko byatangajwe na Bloomberg New Energy Finance, igipimo cy'iterambere rya Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba kizagera kuri 30% mu 2030, mbere y'uko imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zinjira mu cyiciro cyo kurangira kw'isoko. Ugereranyije na EV, Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba ifite isoko ryiza rya E2W n'inganda, kandi amahirwe yo iterambere rya E2W ni meza cyane.
Uburyo bukwiye ku bigo bijya mu mahanga ni ukuba umutanga ibicuruzwa aho guhangana mu buryo butaziguye.
Mu myaka ibiri ishize, ibigo byinshi bishya bya E2W muri Indoneziya byashoye ishoramari rinini, harimo n'abashoramari bafite inkomoko mu Bushinwa. Mu isoko ry'ingufu rikura vuba kandi rigabanyijemo ibice byinshi, bakora nk'"abagurisha amazi", bafite ibyago byo kugenzurwa kandi inyungu nyinshi. Bigaragara neza. Byongeye kandi, gusimbuza amashanyarazi ni inganda zitwara imitungo myinshi kandi zigenda zigarura ikiguzi kirekire. Mu gihe cy'uburinzi bw'ubucuruzi ku isi, ahazaza ntabwo hazwi neza kandi ntibikwiye kugira uruhare mu ishoramari no mu bwubatsi.
Shyiraho ubufatanye n'ibigo bikomeye byo mu gace kugira ngo hashyirweho umurongo wo gukora ibikoresho byo gusimbuza bateri za OEM
Susie
Sichuan Green Science & Technology Ltd., Co.
sale09@cngreenscience.com
0086 19302815938
www.cngreenscience.com
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Werurwe-13-2024
