Nijeriya, igihugu gituwe cyane muri Afurika, kikaba icya gatandatu ku isi, cyiyemeje guteza imbere amashanyarazi no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Kubera ko abaturage bateganijwe kugera kuri miliyoni 375 mu 2050, iki gihugu cyemera ko hakenewe byihutirwa kwita ku rwego rw’ubwikorezi, rwahoze rugira uruhare runini mu ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bya CO2.
Mu 2021 gusa, Nijeriya yashyize ahagaragara toni 136,986,780 za karuboni, bituma ikomeza kuba ikigo cya mbere muri Afurika gitanga umusaruro mwinshi. Mu rwego rwo guhangana n'iki kibazo, guverinoma ya Nijeriya yashyize ahagaragara gahunda yayo yo guhindura ingufu (ETP), itanga igitekerezo cyo kuvanga 10% bya lisansi bikomoka kuri biofuel bitarenze 2030 kandi igamije ko imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi burundu bitarenze 2060.
Gukuraho inkunga ya lisansi byabaye imbaraga zikomeye mu iterambere ry’ingendo z’amashanyarazi muri Nijeriya. Iyi ntambwe yitezweho kuzamura icyifuzo cy’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi no kwihutisha ihinduka ryo kuva mu gutwara abantu hakoreshejwe peteroli. Impuguke zizera ko imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, nubwo nta gasongero kazo kangiza ikirere, zifite icyizere gikomeye cyo kubaka imijyi irambye no kugabanya umwanda.
Lagos, umujyi utuwe cyane muri Nijeriya n'umujyi munini ku isi, nayo yinjiye mu rugamba rwo gukuraho umwuka uhumanya ikirere. Ikigo gishinzwe gutwara abantu n'ibintu cya Lagos cyatangije gahunda zo guteza imbere bisi zikoresha amashanyarazi, ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza, n'ahantu hatangirwa serivisi. Guverineri Babajide Sanwo-Olu aherutse gushyira ahagaragara bisi za mbere zikoresha amashanyarazi, bigaragaza ko umujyi wiyemeje guhinduka umujyi mwiza kandi urambye.
Uretse imodoka nini zitwara abantu, hari n’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zikoresha amapine abiri, nka amagare na scooter zikoresha bateri za lithium, zirimo gucukumburwa nk’uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo by’ibidukikije, cyane cyane ihumana ry’ikirere. Izi nzira zo gutwara abantu mu buryo buciriritse zishobora gusangirwa no gukodeshwa, bigakomeza kunoza uburyo bwo gutwara abantu mu buryo busukuye.
Ibigo byigenga nabyo birimo gutera imbere mu bijyanye no gutwara amashanyarazi muri Nijeriya. Urugero, Sterling Bank iherutse gufungura sitasiyo ya mbere yo gushyushya imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mu gihugu i Lagos. Iyi gahunda, yiswe Qore, igamije gutanga uburyo bwo gutwara abantu buhendutse kandi bufite isuku kugira ngo isimbuze imodoka zisanzwe zikoresha peteroli na mazutu.
Ariko, hari imbogamizi nyinshi zitegereje mu ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi muri Nijeriya. Inkunga iracyari imbogamizi ikomeye, hamwe no kutagira ubumenyi, ubuvugizi, no gutanga amashanyarazi. Kugira ngo utsinde izi mbogamizi bizasaba inkunga, kongera ubwikorezi, no kunoza imikorere y’ubucuruzi. Gushyiraho ibikorwa remezo byo gutanga amashanyarazi, gushyiraho ibigo byo gusana bateri, no gutanga inkunga yo gukoresha amashanyarazi ashingiye ku ngufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa nabyo ni intambwe z’ingenzi.
Kugira ngo iterambere ry’uburyo amashanyarazi agenda akura, Nijeriya igomba gushyira imbere iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo bihagije. Ibi birimo guhuza uburyo bwo gutwara abantu mu buryo buciriritse mu mihanda, nk’inzira za scooter n’inzira z’abanyamaguru. Byongeye kandi, gushyiraho umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi ukoresha imirasire y’izuba, aho amashanyarazi ashyirwa, n’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi rusange bishobora gukomeza iterambere ry’uburyo bwo kugenda mu buryo burambye.
Muri rusange, ubwitange bwa Nijeriya mu guteza imbere amashanyarazi no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ni ibyo gushimirwa. Intego zikomeye za Gahunda y’Impinduka mu Ingufu, hamwe n’ingamba za leta n’iz’abikorera ku giti cyabo, zifite ubushobozi bwo guhindura urwego rw’ubwikorezi muri Nijeriya no gutanga umusanzu mu iterambere rirambye ry’imijyi. Nubwo imbogamizi zigihari, abafatanyabikorwa baracyafite icyizere ku hazaza h’amashanyarazi muri Nijeriya n’ingaruka nziza bigira ku bidukikije.
Lesley
Sichuan Green Science & Technology Ltd., Co.
0086 19158819659
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-05-2024
