Mu 1970, Paul Samuelson, wegukanye igihembo cya Nobel mu by’ubukungu, mu ntangiriro y’igitabo cye cyamenyekanye cyane cyitwa “Ubukungu”, yanditse interuro nk’iyi: nubwo injangwe zishobora kuba abahanga mu by’ubukungu, igihe cyose zibigisha “gutanga” kandi “Ubushake” bushobora gukoreshwa.
Mu by’ukuri, isi y’ubukungu, amategeko y’amategeko ibihumbi n’ibihumbi, n’amategeko ya bose. Igihe cyose n’aho ari ho hose, “ibyemezo n’ibiciro by’amashanyarazi n’ibikenewe” bigira uruhare. Vuba aha, izamuka ry’ibiciro by’amashanyarazi mu mashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi ryasobanuye neza iri tegeko. Ryakoze ku mutima w’umushoferi w’imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi, bituma habaho ishusho y’imirongo y’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi mu gihe runaka.
Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bw’umunyamakuru bubigaragaza, ku manywa nta miyoboro yo kwishyuza ibaho iri munsi ya yuan 1 kuri kWh; nyuma ya saa sita, igiciro cy’imiyoboro yo kwishyuza vuba muri rusange kiba kiri hafi ya yuan 1.4 kuri dogere; Ingano yavuzwe haruguru; igiciro cy’imiyoboro imwe yo kwishyuza cyarenze yuan 2 kuri dogere. Nk’uko byatangajwe n’itangazamakuru, mu mezi atandatu ashize, ibiciro by’amashanyarazi yo kwishyuza byazamutse cyane ahantu henshi, munsi y’impande nke, ndetse na yuan irenga imwe. Izamuka rikomeye cyane riri hafi "kwikuba kabiri" ugereranije n’iryabanje.
Kuki ibiciro by'amashanyarazi byo gusharija piles bizamuka?
Ubwa mbere, icyifuzo cyo gusharija imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu cyariyongereye cyane. Politiki nziza n'isoko ry'inyungu byatumye ba nyir'imodoka zikoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi bagaragara ku maso, kandi icyifuzo rusange cyo gusharija cyariyongereye cyane. Ikirenzeho, muri iki gihe, imijyi itandukanye yashyize mu bikorwa ibitekerezo bishya by'iterambere kandi ikora iterambere ryita ku bidukikije kandi ryimbitse. Imodoka zisanzwe zikoresha lisansi zagiye ziva ku isoko rya tagisi n'imodoka zo kuri interineti buhoro buhoro. Imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu zagiye zigaragara buhoro buhoro ku rwego rwo gutwara abantu mu mijyi kandi ziganjemo abantu benshi. Abashoferi b'izi modoka nshya zikoresha ingufu bahangayikishijwe cyane n'ibiciro by'amashanyarazi kandi batekereza igihe n'aho bagomba kwishyuza buri munsi. Iyo imodoka zitwara abantu ku giti cyabo n'izitwara abantu ku giti cyabo zigomba kwishyuzwa, icyifuzo cyo kwishyuza cyariyongereye cyane, ibyo bikaba bigaragara.
Icya kabiri, ukwiyongera kw'ibicuruzwa byo gushyushya biri inyuma y'ubwiyongere bw'ibikenewe. Ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi n'ibice byo gushyushya ni bimwe mu bicuruzwa byuzuzanya, ari ngombwa cyane. Hari ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi byinshi, kandi ikirundo cyo gushyushya kigomba kuba kinini. Ariko, imiterere y'ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi n'ibice byo gushyushya biratandukanye gato, byatumye ibirundo byo gushyushya bigabanuka kugira ngo byiyongere. Ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi bifite imiterere y'ibintu byigenga. Niba ushobora kubigura, ushobora kubigura, kandi ushobora kubigura. Iki ni ikibazo cyo gufata ibyemezo ku giti cyawe. Ikirundo cyo gushyushya gifite imiterere y'ibintu rusange. Ni nde uzashora imari, ni nde uzubaka, ni hehe hubatswe, ni angahe, ni ibiti bingahe, ni nde uzakoresha kandi akabungabunga… Kubaka ikirundo cyo gushyushya ni ubuhanga buhamye, ikibazo cyo gufata ibyemezo rusange, ntabwo gishobora kubakwa kugira ngo cyubakwe, kandi ushobora kucyubaka. Nubwo imijyi itandukanye yatangiye gushyira agaciro mu kubaka ibirundo byo gushyushya, gutanga ibirundo byo gushyushya hamwe n'imiterere y'ibintu rusange byari inyuma cyane y'ubwiyongere bw'ibicuruzwa bishya by'ingufu hamwe n'imiterere y'ibintu byigenga.
Icya gatatu, impinduka mu mibanire hagati y’ibicuruzwa bitangwa n’ibikenewe zahinduye imiterere y’igiciro cyo kwishyuza. Muri rusange, igiciro cyo kwishyuza imiyoboro rusange yo kwishyuza kigizwe n’ibice bibiri: amafaranga ya serivisi n’inyemezabuguzi y’amashanyarazi. Muri byo, impinduka mu nyemezabuguzi z’amashanyarazi ziba zisanzwe. Zigabanyijemo ibice binini, ibice birambuye, n’imiyoboro amasaha 24 ku munsi, bihuye n’urwego rutandukanye rw’ibiciro by’amashanyarazi. Amafaranga ya serivisi ahindurwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza y’uturere dutandukanye, ibihe bitandukanye, n’ibigo bitandukanye. Iyo imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi itaramenyekana kandi ikirundo cyo kwishyuza cyarashyizweho, icyifuzo cyo kwishyuza kiba kiri munsi y’icyo itangwa ry’imiyoboro yo kwishyuza muri iki gihe. Kugira ngo abashoferi bashakishe abashoferi, umukozi ushinzwe kwishyuza imiyoboro yo kwishyuza agabanya amafaranga ya serivisi ndetse anakurura umushoferi binyuze mu kugabanyirizwa ibiciro ndetse no mu ntambara y’ibiciro. Hamwe no kwiyongera buhoro buhoro kw’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi n’imiterere y’ibicuruzwa bitangwa muri make, umukozi ushinzwe kwishyuza imiyoboro yo kwishyuza azajya ku isoko, ntakomeze kwishyura amafaranga ya serivisi, kandi igiciro cyo kwishyuza kizongera kwiyongera. Bigaragara ko iyi ari impinduka mu mibanire y’isoko ry’ibicuruzwa n’ibikenewe.
Igiciro kizavuga, kandi gisobanura inkuru y'isano hagati y'ibicuruzwa n'ibikenewe mu muyoboro wo kwishyuza. Mu by'ukuri, igiciro ni indorerwamo, byose mu nganda zose, byose muri byo.
Susie
Sichuan Green Science & Technology Ltd., Co.
0086 19302815938
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-07-2024
