Mu myaka ibiri ishize, igihugu cyanjye gishya cy’ibinyabiziga bitanga ingufu n’igurisha byazamutse vuba. Mugihe ubucucike bwo kwishyiriraho ibirundo mumijyi bukomeje kwiyongera, kwishyuza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi mumijyi byabaye byiza cyane. Nyamara, gukora urugendo rurerure biracyatuma abafite imodoka benshi bahangayikishijwe no kuzuza ingufu. Vuba aha, “Gahunda y'ibikorwa yo kwihutisha iyubakwa ry'ibikorwa Remezo byishyurwa ku mihanda minini” yatanzwe na Minisiteri ishinzwe gutwara abantu n'ibintu, Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ingufu, Leta ya Grid Co., Ltd, n'Ubushinwa Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd. yagaragaje ko mu mpera za 2022, igihugu kizaharanira gukuraho ibikorwa remezo byishyuza ubukonje bwinshi kandi burebure. Agace ka serivisi zihuta mu bice byo hanze yigihugu zirashobora gutanga serivisi zibanze zo kwishyuza; mbere yimpera za 2023, ibyiciro rusange byigihugu byintara nintara byujuje ibyiciro byimihanda (sitasiyo) birashobora gutanga serivisi zibanze zo kwishyuza.
Amakuru yatangajwe mbere na Minisiteri y’ubwikorezi yerekana ko guhera muri Mata uyu mwaka, hubatswe ibirundo 13.374 mu 3,102 mu bice by’igihugu by’imodoka 6,618. Dukurikije amakuru yashyizwe ahagaragara n’Ubushinwa bushinzwe kwishyuza, guhera muri Nyakanga uyu mwaka, umubare w’ibirundo rusange byishyurwa mu gihugu cyanjye wageze kuri miliyoni 1.575. Nyamara, umubare rusange wibirundo byo kwishyuza uracyari kure bihagije ugereranije numubare wimodoka nshya zingufu.
Kuva muri Kamena uyu mwaka, umubare rusange w’ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza mu gihugu hose wari miliyoni 3.918. Muri icyo gihe, umubare w’ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu mu gihugu cyanjye warenze miliyoni 10. Ni ukuvuga, igipimo cyo kwishyuza ibirundo ku binyabiziga ni 1: 3. Ukurikije ibisabwa n’amahanga, kugira ngo bikemure burundu ikibazo cyo kwishyuza nabi ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu, igipimo cy’ibinyabiziga n’ikirundo kigomba kugera kuri 1: 1. Birashobora kugaragara ko ugereranije nibisabwa nyirizina, kumenyekanisha ubu ibirundo byo kwishyuza biracyakenewe kwihuta. Ubushakashatsi bujyanye no kwerekana ko mu 2030, umubare w’imodoka nshya z’ingufu mu Bushinwa uzagera kuri miliyoni 64.2. Niba intego yo kubaka igipimo cy’ibinyabiziga-ikirundo cya 1: 1 ikurikijwe, hazakomeza kubaho icyuho cya miliyoni 63 mu iyubakwa ry’ibirundo by’ubushinwa mu myaka 10 iri imbere.
Nibyo, uko icyuho kinini, niko imbaraga ziterambere ryinganda. Imibare irerekana ko igipimo cy’isoko ryose ryishyuza ibirundo kizagera kuri miliyari 200. Kugeza ubu mu gihugu hari ibigo birenga 240.000 byishyuza amasosiyete ajyanye n’ibirundo, muri byo abarenga 45.000 bakaba baranditswe vuba mu gice cya mbere cy’umwaka wa 2022, aho ikigereranyo cyo kuzamuka kwa buri kwezi kingana na 45.5%. Turashobora kwitega ko kuva ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu bikiri mubyamamare byamamare, ibikorwa byiri soko bizakomeza kwiyongera mugihe kizaza. Ibi birashobora kandi gufatwa nkizindi nganda zigenda zitera inkunga zatewe ninganda nshya z’imodoka.
Kwishyuza ibirundo ni ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu nkuko sitasiyo ya lisansi ibinyabiziga bisanzwe. Akamaro kabo karigaragaza. Nko mu 2020, ibinyabiziga bishya byishyuza ingufu byashyizwe mubikorwa remezo bishya byigihugu hamwe no kubaka sitasiyo ya 5G, kubaka ingufu za ultra-high, gari ya moshi yihuta cyane hagati ya gari ya moshi n’imihanda ya gari ya moshi, hamwe n’amabwiriza agenga inganda zishyuza ibirundo bifite yatanzwe kuva mu gihugu kugeza ku nzego z'ibanze. Politiki yo Gushyigikira Urukurikirane. Nkigisubizo, gukundwa kwamashanyarazi birihuta cyane mumyaka ibiri ishize.
Nyamara, mugihe inganda zitera imbere byihuse, ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyiriraho ibirundo biracyafite ibibazo kuburyo butandukanye mubijyanye nimiterere, imikorere no kubungabunga. Kurugero, kugabura kwishyiriraho kutaringaniye. Uturere tumwe na tumwe dushobora kuba twuzuye, ariko uduce tumwe na tumwe dufite umubare muto wo gusohoka. Byongeye kandi, kwishyiriraho kugiti cyawe cyo kwishyiriraho nabyo bikunda kwihanganira imitungo yabaturage nibindi bice. Izi ngingo zabujije gukoresha neza uburyo bwo gukoresha ibirundo byishyurwa biri hejuru cyane, kandi byagize ingaruka ku bunararibonye bwa ba nyir'imodoka nshya. Muri icyo gihe, igipimo kidahagije cyo kwinjiza ibirundo mu bice bikorerwamo serivisi z’imihanda nacyo cyabaye imbogamizi igaragara ku “rugendo rurerure” rw’imodoka nshya. Iyi gahunda y'ibikorwa ifatika itanga ibisabwa bisobanutse kugirango hubakwe ibirundo byo kwishyiriraho umuhanda, bikaba rwose bigamije.
Byongeye kandi, birakenewe ko twumva neza ko inganda zishyuza ibirundo zirimo amahuza menshi arimo igishushanyo na R&D, sisitemu yumusaruro, kugurisha no kubungabunga, nibindi. Ntabwo bivuze ko nibimara gushyirwaho, bizakorwa rimwe na rimwe. Kurugero, ibintu byo "kurangiza nabi" no kwangiza ibirundo byo kwishyuza nyuma yo kwishyiriraho byagaragaye rimwe na rimwe. Muri rusange, iterambere ryubu ryo kwishyiriraho ibirundo rirangwa n "gushimangira ubwubatsi ariko urumuri kubikorwa". Ibi birimo ikibazo cyingirakamaro cyane, ni ukuvuga, mugihe ibigo byinshi byihutira gufata iri soko ryinyanja yubururu, kutagira ibipimo ngenderwaho bijyanye ninganda byatumye imikorere rusange yinganda zishyuza ibirundo zitezimbere. Bamwe mu bahagarariye Kongere y’igihugu basabye ko amabwiriza yerekeye kubaka no gufata neza sitasiyo zishyirwaho n’ibirundo by’amashanyarazi agomba gushyirwaho vuba bishoboka kugira ngo hubakwe no gufata neza sitasiyo zishyirwaho n’ibirundo. Mugihe kimwe, kwishyiriraho ibipimo byikirundo hamwe nuburyo bwo kwishyuza bigomba kunozwa.
Kubera ko inganda zose z’ingufu z’ingufu zikiri mu cyiciro cy’iterambere ryihuse kandi ibyo abaguzi bakeneye bigenda byiyongera, inganda zikoresha ibirundo nazo zigomba guhora zizamurwa. Ikibazo gisanzwe ni uko ibirundo byambere byo kwishyuza byari bigamije ahanini "kwishyuza gahoro", ariko hamwe n’ubwiyongere bwihuse bw’imodoka z’ingufu nshya, sosiyete isaba “kwishyuza byihuse” iriyongera. Byiza, kwishyuza ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu bigomba kuba byoroshye nkibitoro bya lisansi. Ni muri urwo rwego, ku ruhande rumwe, ibigo bisabwa kwihutisha ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga no kongera icyamamare cy’ibikoresho byo kwishyuza “byihuse”; kurundi ruhande, gushyigikira amashanyarazi nabyo birasabwa kugendana nibihe. Mu yandi magambo, imbere y’ikibazo kigenda cyiyongera cyane ku mashanyarazi mashya, mu gihe cyo kumenyekanisha ibirundo by’amashanyarazi, ntitugomba gusa kwihuta, ariko kandi ntidushobora kwirengagiza ubuziranenge. Bitabaye ibyo, ntabwo bizagira ingaruka gusa kubushobozi bwa serivisi, ariko nanone bizatera guta umutungo. Cyane cyane kuberako hariho inkunga ninkunga zitandukanye, birakenewe gukumira ibintu byiterambere ridahungabana aho ibitekerezo byiganje kandi nibitekerezo byiganje. Hariho amasomo twakuye muribi nganda nyinshi, kandi tugomba kuba maso.
Uko icyamamare cyo kwishyuza ibirundo nkibikorwa remezo gishyigikira, niko birushaho guteza imbere inganda nshya z’ibinyabiziga bitanga ingufu. Ku rugero runaka, iyo kwishyuza ibirundo bibaye ahantu hose, ntibizagabanya gusa impungenge za ba nyir'imodoka nshya zifite ingufu zijyanye no kwishyuza ingufu, ahubwo bizafasha no kongera icyizere cya societe yose mumodoka nshya yingufu, kuko izazana byinshi Irashobora tanga kumva "umutekano" bityo ugire uruhare "kwamamaza". Kubwibyo, ahantu henshi hasobanuye neza ko kubaka ibirundo byo kwishyuza bigomba gutezwa imbere bikwiye. Twakagombye kuvuga ko ukurikije gahunda yiterambere iriho hamwe niterambere ryiterambere, inganda zishyuza ibirundo ziratangira mugihe cyizuba. Ariko muriki gikorwa, uburyo bwo gusobanukirwa isano iri hagati yumuvuduko nubuziranenge biracyakwiye kwitabwaho.
Susie
Sichuan Green Science & Technology Ltd, Co
0086 19302815938
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-19-2023
