Uko ibinyabiziga bishya bikoresha ingufu bikomeza kwiyongera, kubaka amasoko yo mu mahanga akoresha ingufu bisigaye ari kimwe mu bintu bikunze kuvugwa cyane mu nganda nshya z'ingufu. Mu mahanga, hari icyuho kinini mu kubaka amashami akoresha ingufu, mu gihe isoko ry'imbere mu gihugu ririmo guhura n'ibibazo bikomeye by'iterambere. Abantu benshi bakomeye mu nganda bemeza ko igihe cyo kunguka kw'inganda z'Ubushinwa cyazanye amahirwe menshi y'iterambere mu nganda zikoresha ingufu bikongera imbaraga. Cyane cyane ku bigo bishobora gukoresha ayo mahirwe, amasoko yo mu mahanga azaba icyerekezo cyabyo cy'ingenzi cy'iterambere.
Dukurikije amakuru aturuka mu Kigo Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Ingufu (IEA), mu gice cya mbere cya 2023, kugurisha imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mu bihugu by’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi byageze kuri miliyoni 1.42, ariko kubaka imiyoboro yo gushyushya ntabwo byakomeje, bituma igipimo cy’imodoka ku miyoboro kigera kuri 16: 1. Ibintu muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika birakomeye kurushaho. Kugeza mu 2022, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zifite imiyoboro 131.000 yo gushyushya, ariko umubare w’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu ni hafi miliyoni 3.3. Igipimo cy’imiyoboro yo gushyushya cyariyongereye kiva kuri 5.1 mu 2011 kigera kuri 25.1 mu 2022. Aya makuru agaragaza ko isoko ry’imiyoboro yo gushyushya mu mahanga rishobora gukura cyane.
Ingano y'isoko n'uburyo rizamuka.
Mu myaka mike ishize, icyifuzo cy’ibice byo gushyushya mu mahanga cyakomeje kwiyongera, kiba ikintu gikunzwe cyane ku mbuga zikomeye z’ubucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki hirya no hino ku isi. Muri Werurwe uyu mwaka gusa, icyifuzo cy’ibice byo gushyushya mu mahanga cyariyongereyeho 218%. Dukurikije ibyatangajwe n’Ishyirahamwe ry’Abakora Imodoka mu Bushinwa, ibigo by’Abashinwa byitezweho kugira uruhare rwa 30%-50% by’isoko ry’ibice byo gushyushya mu Burayi no muri Amerika mu myaka itanu iri imbere. Bitewe n’uko imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu zikwirakwira hirya no hino ku isi, ibikorwa remezo byo gushyushya birimo kwihuta buhoro buhoro.
Muri iri soko ryuzuyemo amahirwe menshi, amasosiyete yo mu Bushinwa yo gushyushya imigozi yihutishije umuvuduko wayo wo kujya mu mahanga. Nk’uko bigaragara ku rutonde rw’ibipimo bya sitasiyo mpuzamahanga ya Alibaba, amahirwe y’ubucuruzi mu mahanga yo gushyushya imigozi mishya y’imodoka zikoresha ingufu aziyongera cyane ku kigero cya 245% muri 2022, kandi biteganijwe ko hazabaho hafi inshuro eshatu z’ubusabe mu gihe kizaza. Bitewe n’ubu busabe bwinshi ku isoko, amasosiyete yo mu Bushinwa yasubije kandi ashinga amasosiyete ajyanye no kohereza mu mahanga imigozi yo gushyushya imigozi.
Mu bigo byinshi bikoresha amashanyarazi mu mahanga, gusharija vuba byabaye intego y'ingenzi mu miterere y'ibikoresho. Kuri ubu, ibigo by'Abashinwa byateje imbere ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibicuruzwa, birimo gusharija vuba, gusharija buhoro, ububiko bw'amatara buhuriweho, gusharija no kugenzura, nibindi. Ariko, kugira ngo bigere ku masoko yo mu mahanga, ibigo by'Abashinwa bikoresha amashanyarazi mu mahanga biracyakeneye guhangana n'imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe.
Mbere na mbere, icyemezo cya batiri ni cyo kibazo cya mbere kigorana mu kujya mu mahanga. Amahame y'ingenzi mu nganda akeneye kwitabwaho muri uru rwego ni icyemezo cya CE gisanzwe cy'i Burayi n'icyemezo cya UL gisanzwe cy'Abanyamerika. Icyemezo cya CE ni icyemezo gitegetswe. Igihe cyo kwemeza ni amezi 1-2. Akarere gakurikizwa ni ibihugu bigize EU. Amafaranga y'icyemezo ni hafi ibihumbi amagana bya yuan. Icyemezo cya UL ni kimwe mu bipimo by'ingenzi byo kwemeza kugira ngo ibicuruzwa byinjire ku isoko rya Amerika. Icyemezo Igihe cyo gukora ni amezi agera kuri 6 kandi ikiguzi ni miliyoni za yuan. Byongeye kandi, amahame agenga gusharija pile mu bihugu bitandukanye no mu turere nabyo biratandukanye, kandi amasosiyete agomba kongera gutangiza imishinga y'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere no guhindura imiterere kugira ngo ihuze n'amahame y'ibihugu bitandukanye n'uturere.
Icya kabiri, kubaka imiyoboro nabyo ni ingorabahizi ikomeye. Hari imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe ku baguzi ku masoko yo mu mahanga. Amasosiyete yo mu Bushinwa agomba gukemura ikibazo cy’ingufu nke z’ikirango no guteza imbere abakiriya binyuze mu nzira nyinshi. Inganda nyinshi zo mu Bushinwa zabonye uburyo bushya bwo kwagura ubucuruzi bwazo zitabira imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’imiyoboro n’izindi nzira. Muri icyo gihe, kwitabira imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’imiyoboro y’imiyoboro ni umwanya mwiza wo kwerekana ibicuruzwa byawe n’ikoranabuhanga ryawe.
Amahirwe n'imbogamizi birahura
Mu masoko yo mu Burayi no muri Amerika, kongera ingufu mu buryo bwihuse byakunze kuba ikibazo cyihutirwa ku batunze tramu. Uretse amazu n'aho bakorera, serivisi zo kwishyuza vuba zirakenewe mu mihanda minini, aho baparika imodoka n'ahandi. Ariko, hari itandukaniro rinini mu mubare w'ibice bya AC na DC mu masoko yo mu Burayi no muri Amerika. Hafi 10% by'ibice bya leta byo kwishyuza ni byo bicukura vuba DC. Hamwe no guteza imbere politiki no kwiyongera kw'ibikenewe ku isoko, igipimo cy'iterambere ry'isoko rya DC ricukura vuba kizakomeza kwihuta. Ikigo cy'Ubushakashatsi ku byerekeye Imigabane cya Soochow giteganya ko isoko ry'i Burayi na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika rizagera kuri miliyari 18.7 z'amayuani na miliyari 7.9 z'amayuani mu 2025, aho igipimo cy'iterambere ry'ibice bya 76% na 112% by'amayuani.
Bitewe n’uko imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu zigenda zikundwa, icyifuzo cy’imodoka zikoresha ingufu zigenda zisharija mu mahanga gikomeje kwiyongera, ariko hari n’ibibazo nk’amahame agenga impamyabushobozi n’iyubakwa ry’imiyoboro. Ibigo by’Abashinwa bikoresha ingufu zigenda zisharija birimo gushakisha amasoko yo mu mahanga kandi bihura n’amahirwe menshi ku isoko n’imbogamizi.
Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere iterambere ry’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu, leta yashyizeho gahunda zitandukanye zo gutanga inkunga. Guverinoma y’Ubudage yatanze inkunga ihanitse ku bikoresho bikoresha ingufu nyinshi, naho guverinoma y’igihugu ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika nayo yatanze inkunga ingana na miliyari 5 z’amadolari y’Amerika yo gushyigikira iyubakwa ry’ibikoresho bikoresha ingufu rusange. Izi politiki ntizishishikariza gusa isoko gusa, ahubwo zinatanga amahirwe menshi y’ubucuruzi ku bigo by’Abashinwa bikoresha ingufu nyinshi.
Bitewe n’amahame meza, amasosiyete akomeye yo mu gihugu akoresha uburyo bwo gushyushya ibirundo by’ibicuruzwa byihutishijwe mu mahanga yihutishije icyemezo cy’ibicuruzwa byihariye kugira ngo afate isoko. Muri bo, Wang Yang, washinze akaba n’umuyobozi mukuru wa Nenglian Smart Electric, yavuze ko umwaka ushize, amasosiyete menshi yo mu mahanga akoresha uburyo bwo gushyushya ibirundo by’ibicuruzwa yari arimo gukora cyane mu rwego rwo kwitegura kwagura isoko ry’uyu mwaka.
Dushobora kuvuga ko amasoko yo mu Burayi no muri Amerika afite ibisabwa bikomeye cyane mu gutanga charger ku bicuruzwa byo mu bwoko bwa pile, kandi igihe cyo gutanga testification ni kirekire kandi gihenze. Niyo mpamvu amasosiyete yo mu Bushinwa yo gutanga charger ku bicuruzwa byo mu bwoko bwa pile ahura n’imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe mu nzira yo kujya mu mahanga. Byongeye kandi, hari itandukaniro mu bipimo ngenderwaho byo gutanga charger ku bicuruzwa byo mu bwoko bwa pile mu bihugu bitandukanye no mu turere dutandukanye, bigasaba amasosiyete kuvugurura ibicuruzwa byayo no gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere.
Kugira ngo barusheho guhuza n’ibikenewe ku isoko n’impinduka za politiki, ibigo by’Abashinwa bitanga amafaranga menshi bigomba kongera imbaraga mu bushakashatsi no mu guhanga udushya mu bicuruzwa, kwagura imiyoboro n’ubufatanye. Muri icyo gihe, gusobanukirwa isoko ry’aho hantu n’imigendekere ya politiki nabyo ni kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi bituma ubucuruzi bugira icyo bugeraho. Gan Chunming yasoje agira ati: "Gukomeza kwita ku migendekere ya politiki no gukomeza itumanaho n’amashyirahamwe y’inganda, imiryango yo mu gace, n’amashami ya leta ni kimwe mu bigize ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi. Gusuzuma mbere y’igihe ubucuruzi n’imiterere y’ibicuruzwa hakurikijwe impinduka mu bikenerwa ku isoko n’imigendekere y’amategeko niho ingaruka n’amahirwe biri."
Uko icyifuzo cy'ibice bya DC bifite ingufu nyinshi n'ibice bitanga umuriro mwinshi kigenda cyiyongera ku masoko y'i Burayi na Amerika, modules zo gushyushya, insinga z'imbunda zishyushya umuriro n'ibindi bice bizishyigikira nabyo byitezweho kuba ahantu hashya ho kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga! Ariko icyarimwe, twagombye kumenya ko Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zisaba ko ibice byose bitanga umuriro bigomba gukorwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, kandi Uburayi nabwo burimo guteza imbere ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki zijyanye nabyo. Izi politiki nizimara gushyirwa mu bikorwa, zizagira ingaruka zitaziguye ku kohereza ibice bitanga umuriro mu mahanga. Bitewe n'izi mbogamizi n'amahirwe, ibigo by'Abashinwa bitanga umuriro bigomba gusubiza mu buryo bworoshye impinduka ku isoko, gushimangira ubufatanye n'abafatanyabikorwa bo mu gihugu, no gushakisha hamwe amasoko yo mu mahanga. Binyuze mu gufata amahirwe ya politiki, gushimangira udushya mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere no kwagura ubufatanye mu miyoboro, ibigo by'Abashinwa bitanga umuriro byitezweho kugera ku ntsinzi ikomeye ku masoko yo mu mahanga.
Susie
Sichuan Green Science & Technology Ltd., Co.
0086 19302815938
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-09-2024
