Kubera ko ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu bikomeje kwiyongera, iyubakwa ry’amasoko y’ibirundo mu mahanga ryabaye imwe mu ngingo zishyushye mu nganda nshya z’ingufu. Mu mahanga, hari icyuho kinini mu iyubakwa ry’ibirundo, mu gihe isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu rihura n’ibibazo bikomeye byo kubigiramo uruhare. Abenshi mu bakora inganda bemeza ko igihe cyo kugabanya inganda z’inganda z’Ubushinwa cyazanye amahirwe menshi y’iterambere mu nganda zishyuza ibirundo. Cyane cyane kuri ayo masosiyete ashobora gukoresha amahirwe, amasoko yo hanze azahinduka icyerekezo nyamukuru cyiterambere.
Dukurikije imibare yaturutse mu kigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu (IEA), mu gice cya mbere cy’umwaka wa 2023, igurishwa ry’imodoka z’amashanyarazi mu bihugu by’Uburayi ryageze kuri miliyoni 1.42, ariko kubaka ibirundo by’amashanyarazi ntibyakomeje, bigatuma imodoka ijya- Ikigereranyo cy'ikirundo kugeza kuri 16: 1. Ibintu muri Amerika birakabije. Kugeza mu 2022, Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zifite ibirundo 131.000 byishyuza rubanda, ariko umubare w’ibinyabiziga bishya bigera kuri miliyoni 3.3. Ikigereranyo cy’ibirundo rusange byishyurwa cyiyongereye kiva kuri 5.1 muri 2011 kigera kuri 25.1 muri 2022.Aya makuru aragaragaza umwanya munini w’iterambere ry’isoko ryo mu mahanga ryishyuza ibicuruzwa hanze.
Ingano yisoko niterambere ryiterambere.
Mu myaka mike ishize, icyifuzo cyo kwishyuza ibirundo byo mu mahanga cyakomeje kwiyongera, kiba ibicuruzwa bizwi cyane ku mbuga zikomeye za e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka ku isi. Muri Werurwe uyu mwaka wonyine, ibyifuzo byo kugura ibirundo byo kwishyuza mu mahanga byiyongereyeho 218%. Dukurikije ibyahanuwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’abashinwa bakora inganda z’imodoka, biteganijwe ko amasosiyete y’Abashinwa azagera kuri 30% -50% by’isoko ry’ibirundo by’iburayi n’abanyamerika mu myaka itanu iri imbere. Hamwe n’imodoka nshya zingufu zizwi kwisi yose, kubaka ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza birihuta.
Muri iri soko ryuzuyemo amahirwe, abashinwa bishyuza ibirundo byihutisha umuvuduko wabo wo kujya mumahanga. Dukurikije ibipimo byambukiranya imipaka ya sitasiyo mpuzamahanga ya Alibaba, amahirwe yo gucuruza mu mahanga ku binyabiziga bishya by’ingufu zishyuza ibirundo aziyongera ku buryo bwihuse 245% mu 2022, bikaba biteganijwe ko mu gihe kiri imbere hazaba hafi inshuro eshatu ibisabwa. Mu guhangana n’iki cyifuzo kinini ku isoko, amasosiyete y’Abashinwa yakiriye neza kandi ashinga amasosiyete ajyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga.
Mubigo byinshi byishyuza ibirundo bigenda mumahanga, kwishyuza byihuse byabaye intego nyamukuru. Kugeza ubu, amasosiyete y’Abashinwa yateje imbere ibicuruzwa bitandukanye, birimo kwishyurwa byihuse, kwishyuza gahoro, kubika optique ihuriweho, kwishyuza no kugenzura, n’ibindi.
Mbere ya byose, icyemezo cya batiri nikibazo cya mbere cyo kujya mumahanga. Ibipimo byingenzi byinganda zikeneye kwitabwaho mu nganda ni ibyemezo by’iburayi byemewe na CE byemewe na Amerika. Icyemezo cya CE ni icyemezo giteganijwe. Igihe cyo gutanga icyemezo ni amezi 1-2. Agace nyamukuru gakoreshwa ni ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Amafaranga yo gutanga ibyemezo agera ku bihumbi magana. Icyemezo cya UL ni kimwe mu bipimo ngenderwaho byingenzi byo kwishyuza ibicuruzwa byinjira mu isoko ry’Amerika. Icyemezo Igihe cyizenguruka ni amezi 6 kandi ikiguzi kigera kuri miriyoni yu. Byongeye kandi, kwishyuza ibipimo ngenderwaho mu bihugu no mu turere dutandukanye nabyo biratandukanye, kandi amasosiyete akeneye kongera gutangiza imishinga y’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere kandi agahindura imiyoboro kugira ngo ihuze n’ibipimo by’ibihugu n’uturere dutandukanye.
Icya kabiri, kubaka umuyoboro nabyo biragoye. Hano hari inzitizi zabakiriya kumasoko yo hanze. Ibigo byabashinwa bigomba gutsinda ikibazo cyingufu zidahwitse zidahagije no guteza imbere abakiriya binyuze mumiyoboro myinshi. Abashoramari benshi b'Abashinwa babonye uburyo bushya bwo kwagura ubucuruzi bwabo bitabira imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ryishyuza ibirundo hamwe nizindi nzira. Muri icyo gihe, kwitabira cyane imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ryo kwishyuza ibirundo nabyo ni umwanya mwiza wo kwerekana ibicuruzwa byawe n'ikoranabuhanga.
Amahirwe n'ibibazo birabana
Ku masoko y’i Burayi n’Amerika, kuzuza ingufu byihuse byahoze byihutirwa kubafite tram. Usibye gutura hamwe n’aho bakorera, serivisi zishyurwa byihuse zirakenewe mumihanda minini, ahaparika ahacururizwa ahandi hantu. Ariko, hariho itandukaniro rinini mumibare y'ibirundo bya AC na DC kumasoko yuburayi na Amerika. Gusa hafi 10% yibirundo rusange byishyurwa ni byihuta-byihuta bya DC. Hamwe nogutezimbere politiki no kuzamuka kwisoko ryisoko, umuvuduko wubwiyongere bwisoko ryihuta rya DC ikirundo kizakomeza kwihuta. Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Soochow giteganya ko umwanya w’isoko mu Burayi no muri Amerika uzagera kuri miliyari 18.7 na miliyari 7.9 mu mwaka wa 2025, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’ubwiyongere bwa 76% na 112%.
Hamwe no gukundwa kwimodoka nshya zingufu, isabwa ryibirundo byo kwishyuza mumahanga bikomeje kwiyongera, ariko hariho nibibazo nkibipimo byemeza no kubaka imiyoboro. Abashinwa bishyuza ibirundo birondora cyane amasoko yo hanze kandi bahura n amahirwe menshi yisoko nibibazo.
Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu, guverinoma yashyizeho politiki y’ingoboka. Guverinoma y'Ubudage yatanze inkunga nyinshi ku birundo by’amashanyarazi menshi, kandi guverinoma nkuru y’Amerika nayo yatanze inkunga ingana na miliyari 5 z’amadolari y’Amerika yo gushyigikira iyubakwa ry’ibirundo rusange. Izi politiki ntabwo zishimangira isoko gusa, ahubwo zitanga amahirwe menshi yubucuruzi kubashinwa bishyuza ibirundo.
Kuruhande rwa politiki nziza, amasosiyete akomeye yishyuza ibirundo byimbere mu gihugu yihutishije ibyemezo by’amahanga byo gufata imigabane ku isoko. Muri bo, Wang Yang, washinze kandi akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru wa Nenglian Smart Electric, yavuze ko umwaka ushize, amasosiyete menshi yishyuza ibirundo mu mahanga yakoraga cyane mu Burayi CE, Amerika UL ndetse n’izindi mpamyabumenyi zisanzwe kugira ngo yitegure kwagura isoko ry’uyu mwaka.
Birashobora kuvugwa ko amasoko yu Burayi n’Amerika afite ibisabwa cyane mu kwishyuza ibicuruzwa by’ibirundo, kandi inyemezabuguzi ni ndende kandi ihenze. Niyo mpanvu abashinwa bishyuza ibirundo byamasosiyete nabo bahura nibibazo bimwe na bimwe mugikorwa cyo kujya mumahanga. Byongeye kandi, hari itandukaniro mugutwara ibipimo byikirundo mubihugu no mukarere bitandukanye, bisaba ibigo kongera guhindura ibicuruzwa byabyo no gukora ubushakashatsi niterambere.
Kugirango duhuze neza n’ibisabwa ku isoko n’impinduka za politiki, Abashinwa bishyuza ibirundo by’ibirundo bakeneye gushimangira R&D no guhanga ibicuruzwa, kwagura inzira n’ubufatanye. Muri icyo gihe, gusobanukirwa isoko ryaho hamwe na politiki bigenda nabyo ni kimwe mubintu byingenzi biganisha ku bucuruzi. Gan Chunming yashoje agira ati: "Gukomeza kumva neza imigendekere ya politiki no gukomeza itumanaho n’amashyirahamwe y’inganda, imiryango y’ibanze, ndetse n’inzego za Leta biri mu bikorwa by’ubucuruzi. Kubangamira imiterere n’ibicuruzwa hakurikijwe hakurikijwe impinduka zikenewe ku isoko ndetse n’ibigenda bigenzurwa ni aha niho ingaruka n'amahirwe biri. ”
Nkuko icyifuzo cy’ibirundo bya DC bifite ingufu nyinshi hamwe n’ibirundo birenze urugero byiyongera ku masoko y’Uburayi n’Amerika, modules zo kwishyuza, insinga z’imbunda zikonjesha zikonjesha hamwe n’ibindi bikoresho bifasha nabyo biteganijwe ko bizahinduka ingingo nshya zo kuzamura ibyoherezwa mu mahanga! Ariko icyarimwe, twakagombye kumenya ko Amerika isaba ko ibirundo byose byishyurwa byishyurwa bigomba gukorerwa muri Amerika, kandi Uburayi nabwo buteza imbere ishyirwa mubikorwa rya politiki iboneye. Izi politiki nizimara gushyirwa mu bikorwa, zizagira ingaruka zitaziguye zoherezwa mu mahanga ibirundo. Mu guhangana n’izi mbogamizi n’amahirwe, amasosiyete y’Ubushinwa yishyuza ibirundo akeneye kwitabira byimazeyo impinduka z’isoko, gushimangira ubufatanye n’abafatanyabikorwa baho, no gufatanya gushakisha amasoko yo hanze. Mu gukoresha amahirwe ya politiki, gushimangira udushya R&D no kwagura ubufatanye bw’imiyoboro, biteganijwe ko amasosiyete y’ibirundo y’Abashinwa yishyuza byinshi mu masoko yo hanze.
Susie
Sichuan Green Science & Technology Ltd, Co
0086 19302815938
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-09-2024
