Ni ubuhe buryo buhendutse bwo kwishyuza imodoka ya EV?

Gusobanukirwa ibiciro byo gushyuza imodoka za EV

Mbere yo kwinjira mu buryo buhendutse, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa ibintu bigira ingaruka ku kiguzi cyo kwishyuza amashanyarazi:

1. Igipimo cy'amashanyarazi (gitandukana bitewe n'aho aherereye n'igihe akoreshwa)
2. Umuvuduko wo gusharija (Urwego rwa 1, Icyiciro cya 2, cyangwa DC vuba)
3. Aho gushyurira (mu rugo, aho bakorera, cyangwa aho abantu bose bahurira)
4. Ubushobozi bwa bateri ya EV (bupimwe muri kWh)
5. Gukoresha neza chargeur (hari ingufu zibura mu gihe cyo chargeur)

Minisiteri y’Ingufu muri Amerika ivuga ko igiciro mpuzandengo cyo kwishyuza EV ari hafi $0.15 kuri kWh, bivuze ko hafi $0.04 kuri kilometero imwe kuri EV isanzwe. Ugereranyije n’imodoka zikoresha lisansi zigera kuri $0.15 kuri kilometero imwe, EV zisanzwe zitanga amafaranga menshi yo kuzigama. Ariko dushobora kurushaho gukora neza kurushaho.

Uburyo buhendutse bwo gushyushya amashanyarazi bwashyizwe ku rutonde

1. Gushyushya inzu hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi atari ku giciro kinini

Uburyo buhendutse bwo kwishyuza imodoka yawe ya EV ni ukuba uri mu rugo mu masaha atari ay'umuvuduko w'akazi niba serivisi yawe itanga ibiciro by'igihe cyo kuyikoresha (TOU). Dore impamvu:

• Igiciro cy'amashanyarazi kiri hasi: Ibigo byinshi by'amashanyarazi bishyuza amafaranga make cyane ku mashanyarazi akoreshwa mu ijoro rimwe (akenshi ni 50-70% munsi y'igipimo cy'amashanyarazi cyiyongera)
• Nta kiguzi: Bitandukanye na charger za leta, wishyura amashanyarazi gusa nta mafaranga ya serivisi
• Uburyo bworoshye: Kubyuka buri gitondo ubona imodoka yuzuye umuriro

Uburyo bwo kubishyiraho:

• Shyiramo charger yo mu rugo yo mu rwego rwa 2 (240V)
• Iyandikishe muri gahunda y'ibiciro bya TOU by'ikigo cyawe
• Shyira amashanyarazi yawe cyangwa charger kugira ngo ikore gusa mu masaha atari ay'umuvuduko (ubusanzwe kuva saa tatu z'umugoroba kugeza saa kumi n'ebyiri za mu gitondo)

Urugero rw'ikiguzi: Muri California hamwe na gahunda y'ibiciro bya PG&E ya EV2-A, gusharija igihe kitageze ku muvuduko ukabije bigura $0.25/kWh gusa ugereranyije na $0.45/kWh mu gihe cy'umuvuduko ukabije. Kuri batiri ya 60kWh, ibyo ni ukugabanya $12 kuri buri muvuduko wose.

2. Kwishyuza ku kazi ku buntu

Abakoresha benshi barimo gushyiraho sitasiyo zo gushyuza amashanyarazi nk'inyungu ku bakozi. Akenshi ibi ni ibi bikurikira:

• Gukoresha ni ubuntu rwose
• Shajara zo ku rwego rwa 2 zishobora gusharija imodoka yawe yose mu masaha y'akazi
• Iboneka ku muntu waje bwa mbere cyangwa uwahawe serivisi ya mbere

Niba aho ukorera hatanga iyi nyungu, bishobora gukuraho burundu ikiguzi cyo kwishyuza inzu yawe. Hari n'ibigo birimo gushyiraho chargers za DC fast ku bakozi.

3. Sitasiyo rusange zo kwishyurira ubuntu

Nubwo bigenda bigabanuka, haracyari ahantu henshi hatanga serivisi zo kwishyuza amashanyarazi ku buntu:

• Amaduka n'ibigo by'ubucuruzi (kugira ngo bikurure abakiriya)
• Amahoteli n'ahantu ho kuruhukira (ku bashyitsi)
• Ahantu hamwe na hamwe mu mujyi (amasomero, pariki, ibyumba by'umujyi)
• Abacuruzi b'imodoka (akenshi kuri EV iyo ari yo yose, atari ikirango cyabo gusa)

Imbuga za interineti nka PlugShare zishobora kugufasha kubona aho gushyurira ubuntu mu gace utuyemo. Ikibazo ni uko izi akenshi ziba ari charger zo ku rwego rwa 2, bivuze ko uzakenera gusiga imodoka yawe iparitse amasaha menshi.

4. Gusharija inzu hakoreshejwe ingufu z'izuba

Niba ufite cyangwa ushyizeho imirasire y'izuba, ushobora gusharija umuriro w'amashanyarazi yawe ku buntu kandi ukoresheje ingufu zisukuye. Ubukungu:

• Igiciro cy’ibanze: Sisitemu z’izuba zisaba ishoramari rinini ($15,000-25,000)
• Kuzigama igihe kirekire: Nyuma y'igihe cyo kwishyura (ubusanzwe imyaka 5-8), "lisansi" yawe iba ubuntu
• Inguzanyo z'umusoro za leta: Amerika itanga inguzanyo y'umusoro ya 30% ku mikoreshereze y'izuba kugeza mu 2032

Kugira ngo ubone inyungu nyinshi, huza ingufu z'izuba na sisitemu ya bateri yo mu rugo kugira ngo ibike umusaruro urenze uwo musaruro wo gusharija nijoro.

5. Kugabanyirizwa ibiciro ku rubuga rusange no kuba umunyamuryango

Imiyoboro myinshi yo kwishyuza itanga ibiciro bigabanuka ku banyamuryango:

• Electrify America Pass+: $4 ku kwezi biguha igiciro cyo gushyushya kigabanukaho 25%
• Ubunyamuryango bwa EVgo: $6.99 ku kwezi bigabanya ibiciro ho hafi 20%
• ChargePoint Home: Amwe mu masosiyete y'ubucuruzi atanga ibiciro byo kwishyuza amazu ku giciro gito

Iyo ukoresha iyi miyoboro buri gihe, abanyamuryango bashobora kwiyishyurira vuba.

6. Gutanga amafaranga ku rwego rwa 2 rusange

Nubwo gushyushya buhoro ugereranije na DC byihuse, sitasiyo za leta zo ku rwego rwa 2 zisanzwe zihendutse cyane kuri kWh. Inyinshi zihendutse kimwe n'ibiciro by'amashanyarazi yo mu rugo, bitandukanye na za charger zihuse zikunze gutanga amafaranga menshi.

Kugereranya Ibiciro byo Gukoresha Ibiciro: Isesengura ryimbitse

Reka turebe ikiguzi cyo gusharija bateri ya EV isanzwe ya 60kWh (ifite intera ya kilometero 200-250) hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye:

*Ifata imodoka ya lisansi ya 30mpg kuri $3/galoni kandi EV ikagira ibirometero 4/kWh*

Ingamba zo Gukoresha Smart Charging kugira ngo Uzigame Byinshi

Uretse guhitamo ahantu n'amasaha akwiye yo kwishyuza, izi ngamba zishobora kugabanya ikiguzi cyawe:

1. Teganya bateri yawe mbere y'igihe: Gushyushya bateri ugikoresha umuriro birushaho kunoza imikorere yo gusharija
2. Kwishyuza kugeza kuri 80%: 20% bya nyuma byishyuza buhoro kandi mu buryo budakora neza
3. Koresha uburyo bwo kwishyuza buteganyijwe: Teganya amashanyarazi yawe kugira ngo yishyuze gusa mu gihe gito cyane
4. Kugenzura porogaramu z'ingirakamaro: Inyinshi zitanga ibiciro byihariye bya EV cyangwa igabanyirizwa ry'amafaranga yo gushyiramo charger yo mu rugo
5. Huza charger n'imirimo yo mu rugo: Koresha charger za rubanda ku buntu mugihe ugura cyangwa urya

Ibiciro Bihishe Byo Gutekerezaho

Mu gihe wibanda ku buryo buhendutse bwo gusharija, ntukirengagize:

• Gushyiraho charger yo mu rugo: $500-$2.000 kuri charger yo ku rwego rwa 2 no kuyishyiraho by'umwuga
• Amafaranga yo kwishyuza imodoka ku mugaragaro: Imiyoboro myinshi irakwishyuza amafaranga iyo utimuye imodoka yawe nyuma yo kuyishyuza
• Ubuzima bwa batiri: Gukoresha DC vuba kenshi bishobora kwangiza batiri vuba, bigatwara igihe kirekire.

Ingendo z'ejo hazaza mu kwishyuza amashanyarazi ku giciro gito

Imiterere yo gusharija amashanyarazi ikomeje gutera imbere, hari iterambere ritandukanye rishobora gutuma gusharija bihendutse kurushaho:

1. Ikoranabuhanga rya Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G): Vuba aha ushobora kugurisha ingufu zirenze urugero zivuye kuri EV yawe ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi mu gihe cy'ubwinshi bw'amashanyarazi
2. Ikoranabuhanga rya bateri riteye imbere: Gushaja vuba no kumara igihe kirekire bizagabanya ikiguzi
3. Kwishyuza abakozi mu kazi byiyongera: Uko kwakira abantu mu kazi biyongera, abakoresha benshi bazatanga amafaranga y'ubuntu
4. Ingufu zisubira: Ingufu nyinshi zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba n'umuyaga zizagabanya ibiciro by'amashanyarazi

Umwanzuro: Ingamba zo Gukoresha Amafaranga Make

Nyuma yo gusuzuma amahitamo yose, uburyo buhendutse cyane ku bafite amashanyarazi benshi ni ubu:

1. Gushyushya by'ibanze: Mu rugo mu masaha atari ay'umuvuduko mwinshi hamwe na charger yo ku rwego rwa 2
2. Kwishyuza amafaranga ku buntu: Koresha uburyo bwo kwishyuza amafaranga ku kazi cyangwa ku mugaragaro iyo bihari.
3. Gukoresha rimwe na rimwe: Gusharija vuba DC gusa iyo bibaye ngombwa mu ngendo ndende
4. Guteganya igihe kizaza: Tekereza ku mirasire y'izuba niba ufite inzu yawe ku buntu.

Mu guhuza ubu buryo, abashoferi benshi ba EV bavuga ko bakoresha $200-300 gusa buri mwaka kuri "lisansi" ugereranyije na $1,500-2,000 ku modoka zimeze nka lisansi. Uko ibiciro by'amashanyarazi n'imiyoboro yo gusharija bikomeza gutera imbere, kugumana amakuru ku byerekeye gahunda n'ikoranabuhanga bishya bizagufasha gukomeza ingamba zo gusharija zihendutse mu gihe cyose ufite EV.

Wibuke ko uburyo buhenze cyane bwo gusharija buracyari buhendutse cyane kurusha lisansi, bityo uko wakwishyuza kose, uba uzigama amafaranga mugihe ugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Ikintu cyingenzi ni ukubona uburyo bwiza bwo korohereza imodoka n'ikiguzi bikwiranye n'ingeso zawe zo gutwara imodoka n'ubuzima bwawe.