Nibihe bikoresho bikora kuri DC gusa? Ubuyobozi Bwuzuye bwo kuyobora Ubuyobozi bukoreshwa na elegitoroniki

Muri iyi si yacu igenda ikwirakwizwa n'amashanyarazi, gusobanukirwa itandukaniro riri hagati yo guhinduranya amashanyarazi (AC) nimbaraga zitaziguye (DC) ntabwo byigeze biba ngombwa. Mugihe amashanyarazi menshi yo murugo agera nka AC, igice kinini cyibikoresho bigezweho bikora gusa kumashanyarazi ya DC. Aka gatabo kimbitse kasesengura isanzure ryibikoresho bya DC gusa, bisobanura impamvu bisaba amashanyarazi ataziguye, uko ayakira, niki kibatandukanya cyane nibikoresho bikoreshwa na AC.

Gusobanukirwa DC vs AC Imbaraga

Itandukaniro ryibanze

Kuki ibikoresho bimwe bikora kuri DC gusa

1. Kamere ya Semiconductor Kamere: Ibyuma bya elegitoroniki bigezweho bishingiye kuri tristoriste isaba voltage ihamye
2. Ibyiyumvo bya Polarite: Ibigize nka LED ikorana gusa nukuri +/- icyerekezo
3. Guhuza Bateri: DC ihuye nibisohoka bya batiri
4. Ibisabwa neza: Inzira ya sisitemu ikenera imbaraga zidafite urusaku

Ibyiciro bya DC-Ibikoresho gusa

1. Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigendanwa

Ibi bikoresho biboneka hose byerekana icyiciro kinini cyibikoresho bya DC gusa:

• Terefone igendanwa
  • Kora kuri 3.7-12V DC
  • USB Amashanyarazi yatanzwe: 5/9/12/15 / 20V DC
  • Amashanyarazi ahindura AC kuri DC (igaragara kuri "ibisohoka")
• Mudasobwa zigendanwa & Ikaye
  • Mubisanzwe imikorere ya 12-20V DC
  • Amatafari yamashanyarazi akora AC-DC ihinduka
  • Kwishyuza USB-C: 5-48V DC
• Kamera ya Digital
  • 3.7-7.4V DC kuva muri bateri ya lithium
  • Ibyuma bifata amashusho bisaba voltage ihamye

Urugero: iPhone 15 Pro ikoresha 5V DC mugihe gisanzwe, yakira muri make 9V DC mugihe cyo kwishyuza byihuse.

2. Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki

Ibinyabiziga bigezweho ni sisitemu ya DC:

• Sisitemu Yamakuru
  • Imikorere ya 12V / 24V DC
  • Ibikoresho byo gukoraho, ibice byo kugenda
• ECUs (Ibice bigenzura moteri)
  • Mudasobwa zikomeye
  • Saba ingufu za DC zisukuye
• Itara
  • Amatara, amatara yimbere
  • Mubisanzwe 9-36V DC

Ukuri gushimishije: Ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi birimo DC-DC ihindura kugirango igabanye ingufu za bateri 400V kuri 12V kubikoresho.

3. Sisitemu Yingufu Zisubirwamo

Imirasire y'izuba ishingiye cyane kuri DC:

• Imirasire y'izuba
  • Kubyara amashanyarazi DC mubisanzwe
  • Ikibaho gisanzwe: 30-45V DC ifunguye uruziga
• Amabanki
  • Bika ingufu nka DC
  • Acide-aside: 12/24 / 48V DC
  • Litiyumu-ion: 36-400V + DC
• Abashinzwe Kwishyuza
  • Ubwoko bwa MPPT / PWM
  • Gucunga DC-DC

4. Ibikoresho by'itumanaho

Ibikorwa remezo biterwa na DC kwizerwa:

• Akagari ka Electronics
  • Mubisanzwe -48V DC bisanzwe
  • Sisitemu yububiko
• Fibre optique
  • Abashoferi ba Laser bakeneye DC
  • Akenshi 12V cyangwa 24V DC
• Umuyoboro uhindura / Inzira
  • Ibikoresho bya data center
  • 12V / 48V DC ububiko bwamashanyarazi

5. Ibikoresho byubuvuzi

Ibikoresho byitaweho cyane bikoresha DC:

• Abakurikirana abarwayi
  • Imashini za ECG, EEG
  • Ukeneye ubudahangarwa bw'urusaku rw'amashanyarazi
• Gusuzuma Byoroshye
  • Scaneri ya Ultrasound
  • Abasesengura amaraso
• Ibikoresho byimurwa
  • Pacemakers
  • Neurostimulator

Icyitonderwa cyumutekano: Sisitemu yubuvuzi DC ikoresha ibikoresho byigenga byumutekano wumurwayi.

6. Sisitemu yo kugenzura inganda

Gukora uruganda rushingiye kuri DC:

• PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers)
  • 24V DC
  • Igikorwa kirwanya urusaku
• Sensors & Acuator
  • Ibyuma byegeranye
  • Umuyoboro wa Solenoid
• Imashini za robo
  • Abagenzuzi ba moteri ya Servo
  • Akenshi sisitemu ya 48V DC

Impamvu ibi bikoresho bidashobora gukoresha AC

Imipaka ya tekinike

1. Kwangirika kwinshi
   • Diode, transistors birananirana na AC
   • Urugero: LEDs iranyeganyega / guhuha
2. Guhagarika Igihe
   • Isaha ya digitale ishingiye kuri DC itekanye
   • AC yagarura microprocessor
3. Ubushuhe
   • AC itera igihombo cya capacitive / inductive
   • DC itanga ihererekanyabubasha ryiza

Ibisabwa

Guhindura imbaraga kubikoresho bya DC

Uburyo bwo Guhindura AC-Kuri-DC

1. Adapters
   • Bisanzwe kuri electronike nto
   • Harimo gukosora, kugenzura
2. Ibikoresho by'imbere mu gihugu
   • Mudasobwa, TV
   • Ibishushanyo byahinduwe
3. Sisitemu y'Ibinyabiziga
   • Usimbuye + ikosora
   • Imicungire ya batiri

Guhindura DC-Kuri-DC

Akenshi bikenerwa guhuza voltage:

• Impinduka(Intambwe-hasi)
• Hindura abahindura(Intambwe)
• Buck-Boost(Ibyerekezo byombi)

Urugero: Amashanyarazi ya mudasobwa ya USB-C ashobora guhindura 120V AC → 20V DC → 12V / 5V DC nkuko bikenewe.

Ikoreshwa rya DC-Ikorana buhanga

1. Microgrids

• Amazu agezweho atangiye gushyirwa mubikorwa
• Ihuza izuba, bateri, ibikoresho bya DC

2. Gutanga ingufu za USB

• Kwaguka kuri wattage yo hejuru
• Ibishobora kubaho murugo

3. Ibinyabuzima byamashanyarazi

• V2H (Ikinyabiziga-Kuri-Urugo) DC kwimura
• Kwishyuza byombi

Kumenya ibikoresho bya DC gusa

Akarango Gusobanura

Shakisha:

• Ibimenyetso bya "DC Gusa"
• Ibimenyetso bya polarite (+/-)
• Umuvuduko werekana nta ~ cyangwa ⎓

Ingero zinjiza Ingero

1. Umuyoboro
   • Bisanzwe kuri router, monitor
   • Ikigo-cyiza / ibintu bibi
2. USB Ibyambu
   • Buri gihe imbaraga za DC
   • 5V shingiro (kugeza 48V hamwe na PD)
3. Inzitizi
   • Ibikoresho byo mu nganda
   • Byerekanwe neza +/-

Ibitekerezo byumutekano

DC-Ibyago byihariye

1. Gutunga Arc
   • DC arcs ntabwo yizimya nka AC
   • Bimena bidasanzwe
2. Amakosa ya Polarite
   • Guhuza gusubira inyuma birashobora kwangiza ibikoresho
   • Shishoza kabiri mbere yo guhuza
3. Ingaruka za Batiri
   • Inkomoko ya DC irashobora gutanga amashanyarazi menshi
   • Litiyumu ya batiri yumuriro

Ibitekerezo byamateka

“Intambara yumuyaga” hagati ya Edison (DC) na Tesla / Westinghouse (AC) amaherezo yabonye AC itsinze kwanduza, ariko DC yagarutse mubice byibikoresho:

• 1880s: Imashanyarazi ya mbere ya DC
• 1950: Impinduramatwara ya Semiconductor ishyigikira DC
• 2000: Imyaka ya Digital ituma DC yiganje

Kazoza ka DC Imbaraga

Inzira zerekana imikoreshereze ya DC:

• Birenzeho ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigezweho
• Ingufu zisubirwamo kavukire ya DC
• Ibigo byamakuru bikwirakwiza 380V DC
• Ibishoboka murugo DC iterambere risanzwe

Umwanzuro: Isi DC-Yiganje

Mugihe AC yatsinze urugamba rwo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, DC yatsinze neza intambara yo gukoresha ibikoresho. Kuva kuri terefone iri mu mufuka wawe kugeza ku mirasire y'izuba hejuru y'inzu yawe, koresha imbaraga zubu tekinoroji yacu ikomeye. Gusobanukirwa ibikoresho bisaba DC bifasha hamwe na:

• Guhitamo ibikoresho neza
• Guhitamo amashanyarazi meza
• Guteganyiriza ingufu z'urugo
• Gukemura ibibazo bya tekiniki

Mugihe tugenda tugana ingufu nyinshi zishobora kuvugururwa no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, akamaro ka DC kaziyongera gusa. Ibikoresho byerekanwe hano byerekana intangiriro yigihe kizaza gikoreshwa na DC isezeranya imikorere myiza na sisitemu yoroshye.