Isoko ry'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mu Bwongereza rikomeje kwihuta - kandi nubwo hari ikibazo cy'ibura ry'ibikoresho bikoresha amashanyarazi, muri rusange nta kimenyetso na kimwe kigaragaza cyo kureka gukoresha ibikoresho:
Uburayi bwatsinze Ubushinwa buba isoko rikomeye ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mu gihe cy’icyorezo, bituma umwaka wa 2020 uba umwaka w’amateka ku modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Indi kompanyi nini y'imodoka, Toyota, yatangaje ko ario izakoresha miliyari 13.6 z'amadolari ku bateri za EV bitarenze 2030, kandi izarushaho kwagura iterambere ryayo ryaimodoka zikoresha batiri zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Igurishwa rishya ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi n’izikoresha amashanyarazi mu Bwongereza ryageze kuri 85% by’igurishwa rya mazutu muri Kamena 2021 kandi bigaragara ko rigiye kuzamuka.ertake mu mpera z'umwaka.
Izi modoka zigomba kwishyurirwa ahantu runaka - kandi niho uza, hamwe n'uburyo bushya bwo gusharija imodoka za EV.
Mu gihe utegura iterambere ryawe, bishobora kugaragara nk'amahitamo yoroshye gukoresha ibice bihendutse. Ariko, ibuka - ibi bishobora gutuma utizewe, ikiguzi cyabyo kikaba kiruta cyane amafaranga wabitse mbere yo kubaka. By'umwihariko, umuriro mwiza, ibice byo guhinduranya na soketi ni ingenzi mu gukora EVSE yizewe (Ibikoresho byo Gutanga Ibinyabiziga Bikoresha Amashanyarazi).
Komeza usome uko dutanga incamake y'intambwe z'ingenzi zisabwa kugira ngo utegure neza sisitemu yo gusharija ya EV na network. Muri iyi nyandiko, tuzaba turimo gusobanura iterambere rya smart chargers. Impamvu y'ibi iraboneka hano.
Ubuyobozi bwawe bw'ingenzi bwo gukoresha Desigusya sisitemu yo gusharija ya EV
Ibikubiye:
Intambwe ya 1. Kuki ari wowe?
Intambwe ya 2: Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'icyuma gishyushya?
Intambwe ya 3: Guhitamo intego
Intambwe ya 4: Kwigarurira isi
Intambwe ya 5: ibinyabuzima by'aho amashanyarazi aturuka
Intambwe ya 6: Porogaramu yo gusharija amashanyarazi ya EV
Intambwe ya 7: Guhuza abantu
Intambwe ya 8: Kugera ku ntambwe y'inyongera
Umwanzuro
Intambwe ya 1: Kuki ari wowe?
Iki ni cyo kibazo cya mbere ugomba kwibaza ukurikije ubucuruzi.
Amahirwe ntanganaintsinzi ya buri munsi, kandi isoko ryo kwishyuza ibicuruzwa bya EV ririmo kwiyongera. Iki ni ikibazo abakiriya bazaba bibaza mu gihe basuzuma ibicuruzwa byawe, bityo ni ngombwa ko igisubizo cyawe kigira aho kigurishirizwa kidasanzwe - kandi gikemura ikibazo.
Umwanya wo gukora ikindi kintu kitari icyaboGukoresha amashanyarazi ya elegitoroniki ni bike, kandi sisitemu zo gushyushya amashanyarazi ni ishoramari rikomeye, bityo uburyo bushya ni ingenzi.
Ku bigo bimwe na bimwe, ikintu gitandukanya ibicuruzwa kizaba gishingiye cyane ku nzira yabyo yo ku isoko kuruta uko ibicuruzwa ubwabyo bireba.
Intambwe ya 2: Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'icyuma gishyushya?
Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwa charger ya EV:
aho ugana - chargers za AC zigenda buhoro, zikoreshwa mu gusharija mu rugo
mu nzira – chargers za DC zifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi zihuta kugira ngo zikoreshwe vuba
Gutegura charger ya AC birahendutse cyane kandi biroroshye. Nanone, akazi kenshi ukoresha mu gushakisha AC kazakomeza gukoreshwa mu gihe utegura sitasiyo yo gushyushya DC vuba.
Byongeye kandi, inyinshi mu mashini zikoresha amashanyarazi zizaba zifite AC mu gihe kirekire - mu mpera za 2019, 11% gusa by'izikoresha amashanyarazi zo mu Burayi zari DC. Ariko, irushanwa mu rwego rwa AC naryo ni rinini cyane.
Mu gutangira, reka tuvuge ko wahisemo gukora charger y'aho ujya. Ibi biboneka mu nzira zo gushyushya imodoka mu rugo, mu biro, aho imodoka zihagarara igihe kirekire n'ahandi hantu imodoka zizamara igihe kirenze amasaha abiri.
Intambwe ya 3: Guhitamo intego
Igice kinini cy’ibikorwa remezo by’amashanyarazi kiri mu "gusiganwa kugeza hasi", kigerageza kugabanya amafaranga ashoboka kugira ngo kigere ku isoko rinini ry’imbere mu gihugu.
Kugura imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi - yaba imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi (PHEV) cyangwa imodoka ikoresha batiri (BEV) - ni ishoramari rikomeye kuri buri wese.
Ishari ikoreshwa n'imodoka, nubwo atari ikiguzi kidasanzwe, ifatwa nk'ikintu kidakenewe cyane. Kubera iyo myumvire, hamwe n'imashini nyinshi zigurishwa binyuze mu bubatsi bw'amazu cyangwa abashyiramo ibikoresho, abaguzi bashobora guhitamo uburyo buhendutse.
Urundi ruhande rw'isoko rureba abakiriya b'ubucuruzi n'amato y'indege.
Amasezerano afite agaciro gakomeye aza ashimangira cyane kuramba no kugira ireme. Ibi bisubizo by'ubucuruzi, cyane cyane ibyo kwishyuza rubanda, bisaba kandi uburenganzira no gukusanya amafaranga, muri rusange bisaba porogaramu ya OCPP [Open Charge Point Protocol] na RFID.
Imashini zishyuza zikoreshwa mu bucuruzi nazo zitezweho kuba zikomeye kurusha izindi zo mu gihugu.
Mu gihe kirekire, ubucuruzi bwawe bushobora gutanga ubwoko butandukanye bw'imodoka, ariko si ikintu gito guteza imbere sisitemu yuzuye yo gusharija amashanyarazi.
Imiyoboro yo kugurisha n'inzira ijya ku isoko
Gutangirana n'isoko rimwe ry'intego bizakongerera amahirwe yo gutsinda.
Isoko ry'ibikoresho byo gusharija imodoka za EV rirahangana cyane, bityo ukeneye inzira yo kugurisha ku isoko aho ushobora gutanga inyungu kurusha abo muhanganye.
Intambwe ya 4: Kwigarurira isi…
...Cyangwa si byo. Benshi muri mwe mukora iperereza ku gikorwa cyo gushyuza amashanyarazi muzakoreshwa mu gupima ubuziranenge bw'amategeko, wenda mu turere twinshi.
Ikibabaje ni uko iyo ukoresheje amashanyarazi, igihe n'amafaranga bitwara ni byinshi kurusha ibicuruzwa bisanzwe by'ikoranabuhanga. Amahame ya EVSE, uretse kubahiriza amategeko asanzwe, aratandukanye bitewe n'ibihugu, ndetse no mu miryango y'ubucuruzi nka EU. Nk'ubucuruzi, kumenya uturere ugamije n'amategeko ajyanye natwo mu ntangiriro ni ingenzi cyane.
Uretse amahame ngenderwaho ya EVSE charger, ibihugu bifite amabwiriza yabyo agenga insinga avuga uburyo ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bihuzwa n'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi. Mu Bwongereza iyi ni BS7671.
Aya mabwiriza agira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku gishushanyo mbonera cy’icyuma gishyushya.
Uburinzi Budafite Aho Bubogamiye Bwavunitse
Nk’ikigo cyo mu Bwongereza, hari amabwiriza dufite yerekeye iki gihugu ni uburinzi bwa Broken Neutral. Iki ni ikibazo kivugwaho rumwe cyane ku isoko ry’ubwishyu mu Bwongereza bitewe n’amabwiriza agenga insinga z’amashanyarazi mu Bwongereza ndetse n’ibibazo bya tekiniki bifitanye isano n’ikoreshwa ry’inkoni z’isi.
Niba ubucuruzi bwawe buteganya kugurisha ku isoko ry'Ubwongereza, iki kibazo cyo gushushanya kizagomba gukemurwa.
Sisitemu yo gusharija ya EV ifite ishusho y'ubururu
Intambwe ya 5: Imiterere y'ibinyabuzima by'aho umuriro uturuka
Hari ibice bitatu bifatika by'imiterere y'icyuma gishyushya amashanyarazi: agasanduku, insinga n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga.
Mu gihe ushushanya ibi bice, ibuka ko ibi bizaba ari ibikorwa remezo bihenze, kandi ko bizaramba.
Abakiriya, baba ibigo cyangwa abantu ku giti cyabo, bazitega ko amashanyarazi azamara imyaka myinshi, adakorerwa igenzura rito cyane.
Kwizerwa ni ingenzi.
Igikapu
Igishushanyo mbonera cy'aho hantu giherereye ni uruvange rw'ubwiza, ibiciro n'ibyemezo bifatika.
Ingano iratandukanye cyane bitewe n'umubare w'amasoko n'imbaraga z'icyuma gitanga umuriro. Amwe mu mahitamo agomba gufatwa, hamwe n'ibyo umuntu agomba kwitaho, harimo:
Ese ni agasanduku ko ku rukuta, agasanduku gahagaze cyangwa ikindi kintu gitandukanye?
Uburyo icyuma gishyushya gifatwa ni ingenzi, ese kigomba kuba cyihishe cyangwa kigaragara?
Ese bigomba kuba ikimenyetso cy'uko byangijwe?
Ingano? Hari ipiganwa ku isoko ryo gukora charger nto cyane, urugero.
Igipimo cya IP - kwinjira kw'amazi bishobora kwangiza charger.
Ubwiza - kuva ku giciro gito gishoboka kugeza ku by'akataraboneka (urugero, imbaho)
Isanduku ishyirwamo gute?
Ese gushyiraho bizaba mu byiciro bibiri, urugero nk'aho icyuma gifunga inkuta gishyirwaho n'umwubatsi w'inzu amezi make mbere yuko icyuma gitanga umuriro gishyirwaho? Ibi bikorwa kugira ngo bigabanye ibyangiritse n'ubujura ndetse n'ikiguzi cy'umwubatsi w'inzu.
Umugozi w'insinga: umubare munini w'ibibazo byo gusharija bifitanye isano n'imigozi biterwa n'udukingirizo two gusharija twangiritse cyangwa dutose duturuka ku dukingirizo tw'insinga tutashyizwemo neza.
Nk'igicuruzwa cyo hanze, agasanduku kazakenera amanota ya IP, kandi hazaba hakenewe umwanya wo gushyiramo insinga nini.
Insinga
Uretse gutwara umuvuduko mwinshi hagati y'imodoka n'icyuma gishyushya, insinga yo gusharija inakurikirana itumanaho hagati yayo yombi.
Ubu hari amahame umunani atandukanye yo guhuza akoreshwa, muri AC na DC - atandukanye bitewe n'ikirango n'akarere.
Amahame ngenderwaho y’ejo hazaza ntarasobanuka neza, bityo rero menya neza ko utakora ubushakashatsi ku mahame ngenderwaho ariho ubu gusa, ahubwo n’uko ayo mahame ashobora kuba ameze mu myaka mike iri imbere mu gihe uhitamo icyo ushyigikira.
Imashini zikoresha charger zishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe insinga zifunganye cyangwa zidafunganye. Iya mbere yoroshye muri rusange, ariko ifunga charger ku bwoko runaka bw'ihuza. Amahitamo adafite charger yoroshye, yemerera umukoresha kugira insinga ijyanye n'imodoka ye, ariko ibi bisaba uburyo bwo kuyifunga.
Uretse insinga zo hanze, hazabaho insinga zo imbere zigomba kwitabwaho mu gishushanyo mbonera cya mekanike, kuko ingufu zisabwa bivuze ko zishobora kuba nini.
Ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga
Mu by’ibanze, charger ya AC ni amashanyarazi afite itumanaho hagati y’ikinyabiziga na charger. Intego yayo nyamukuru ni umutekano w’amashanyarazi, hamwe n’ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ingufu imodoka ikoresha.
Ibisobanuro byoroshye cyane bya EVSE - nkuko bizwi - biboneka muri OpenEVSE. Versinetic's EEL board ni ubundi buryo bw'ubucuruzi busimbura ubu.
Ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi gikenewe kugira ngo umuntu akoreshe AC smart charge ni icyuma gikoresha itumanaho, gikunze kuboneka nka mudasobwa imwe. Versinetic's MantaRay board ni urugero rw'ibi. Hanyuma ushobora kuzuza sisitemu yo gusharija ukoresheje contactors na RCDs (AC na DC leakage) kugira ngo ugire umutekano.
Shajara zigezweho zongeraho itumanaho kuri shajara kugira ngo shajara ishobore kwinjira mu muyoboro ugenzurwa n'ibicu.
Itumanaho nyaryo rihitamo rishingiye cyane ku miterere ya nyuma y’icyuma gitanga amashanyarazi. Bamwe mu bakora porogaramu bahitamo Wi-Fi cyangwa GSM, mu gihe mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, amahame ngenderwaho nka RS485 cyangwa Ethernet ashobora kuba meza kurushaho.
Hashobora kubaho izindi mbaho zo kugenzura ecran, uburenganzira n'ibindi, bitewe n'uburyo sisitemu iteye imbere.
Ibi ni iby'ingenzi cyane mu gihe uteganya ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoroniki rya EV.
Soketi, relays na contactors bizashyuha iyo bishyushye cyane. Ibi bigomba kwitabwaho mu miterere y'inganda kuko ubushyuhe bushobora kugabanya igihe cy'ibice. Soketi ishobora kwangirika cyane kuko ishobora guhura n'ikirere n'ingendo zo guhuza ibintu zituma byangirika.
Ibibazo by'ibidukikije - urwego rw'ubushyuhe bwinshi
Ese EVSE yawe izakoreshwa mu bushyuhe bukabije? Ibice bisanzwe by'ubushyuhe bw'ubucuruzi bipimirwa kuri 0-70 C, mu gihe ubushyuhe bw'inganda buri kuri -40 kugeza +85.
Shyira ibi mu bikorwa byawe hakiri kare uko bishoboka kose.
Intambwe ya 6: Porogaramu yo gusharija amashanyarazi ya EV
Porogaramu y’iterambere isaba gukurikiza amahame menshi, kandi ishobora kuba igice gitwara igihe kinini cy’umushinga.
Isoko ry'ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi riracyari rishya, mu buryo bugaragara, bityo amahame n'amabwiriza menshi aracyahinduka kandi arimo kuvugururwa. Sisitemu yawe yo gusharija igomba kugira sisitemu yizewe yo gutanga amakuru mashya kugira ngo ihangane nayo, kuko bidashoboka guhanura impinduka zose zigiye kubaho.
Niba uteganya umuyoboro w’ikoranabuhanga uwo ari wo wose, ibi bizagomba gukorwa hakoreshejwe OTA (amavugurura yo mu kirere). Ibi bizana n’imbogamizi z’umutekano wiyongereyeho - impungenge zikomeje kwiyongera ku miterere ya sisitemu yo gusharija amashanyarazi ya EV.
Porogaramu zo gushyushya amashanyarazi
Firmware
Porogaramu ikoreshwa mu kugenzura imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi zicana zikanazimya charger.
IEC 61851
Porotokole y'itumanaho ry'ibanze ikoreshwa muri sisitemu yo gusharija ya AC yo mu bwoko bwa 1 na 2 hagati y'icyuma gishyushya n'imodoka. Amakuru ahererekanwa hano arimo igihe gusharija itangiriye, aho ihagarara ndetse n'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi imodoka ikura.
OCPP
Iyi ni ihame mpuzamahanga ryo gutumanaho hakoreshejwe charger hamwe n'ibiro by'inyuma, ryashyizweho na Open Charge Alliance (OCA). Itsinda riheruka ni 2.0.1, ariko charger y'ibanze ishobora kugerwaho ukoresheje OCPP 1.6.
Gupima OCPP bishobora gukorwa nka serivisi ya OCA cyangwa muri OCA Plugfests, bibaho inshuro 2-3 mu mwaka, kandi bikagufasha kugerageza sisitemu yawe ugereranije n'abatanga serivisi z'ubutabazi bw'ibanze n'amahame ya OCPP.
Ibisobanuro bya OCPP bifite imikorere ikenewe kandi idakenewe, kuva ku kugenzura icyuma gishyushya kugeza ku mutekano wo hejuru no kubika. Uzakenera guhitamo urwego rwa OCPP ukeneye, hamwe n'ibice by'amahame ukeneye gushyigikira porogaramu yawe.
Interineti na porogaramu
Gushyiraho charger no kwiyandikisha bwa mbere bizakenera koroshywa, haba kuri network manager ndetse no kuri installer. Hari uburyo butandukanye bwo kubikora, ariko interface ya interineti cyangwa porogaramu ni ibisanzwe.
Sim zishyigikira
Niba ukoresha module ya GSM, ugomba gusuzuma imiterere y’ibicuruzwa kuko amahame ya GSM atandukanye bitewe n’imigabane kandi ubu arimo guhinduka bitewe n’uko amahame ashaje afunzwe (urugero, 3G) agashyirwa ku yandi mashya – nka LTE-CATM.
Amasezerano ya SIM agomba kandi gucungwa kugira ngo amafaranga akoreshwa yishyurwe nta nzitizi ku mukiriya. Nanone, ku masezerano ya SIM, ugomba kwita ku bumenyi bw'ahantu runaka.
Gutanga charger yawe
Gushyira charger mu bikorwa nyabyo ni igice kinini cy'imbaraga za porogaramu, cyane cyane iyo charger idashyigikira umurongo wa GSM bityo ikaba igomba kwihuza n'umuyoboro wo mu gace uherereyemo. Uburyo ibi bikorwa bushobora kugira itandukaniro rikomeye mu bunararibonye bw'abakiriya.
Menya ko umukiriya ashobora kuba umuguzi wa nyuma cyangwa umuntu wabigize umwuga mu gushyiraho porogaramu, bitewe n'isoko ry'inyongera. Ku isoko ry'abaguzi, charger igomba kuba yoroshye kuyishyira ku muyoboro w'itumanaho no kuyikurikirana, urugero, uhereye kuri porogaramu.
Umutekano – ni izihe ntera uteganya gukoresha charger yawe?
Umutekano ni ingingo ikomeye nyuma y'ibitero bya IoT ransomware kandi hari impamvu zose zo gutekereza ko imiyoboro yo gusharija izaba ari yo yibasirwa n'ibitero nk'ibyo mu gihe kizaza bitewe n'ibyangiritse icyo gitero gishobora guteza. Ibipimo ngenderwaho bizatandukana bitewe n'imiterere y'aho iyi porogaramu iherereye.
Intambwe ya 6: Porogaramu
Hafi ya charger zose zigezweho ziba mu gice cy'umuyoboro w'itumanaho. Ingero nke zirimo Ecotricity na BP Pulse. Izi charger zose zihujwe na Sisitemu yo Gucunga Ibiro by'Ikoranabuhanga (CSMS), cyangwa ibiro by'inyuma.
Nk'uruganda rukora chargers, ushobora guhitamo gukora solution yawe yo mu biro, cyangwa ukishyura amafaranga y'uruhushya rwo kugura solution y'uruhande rwa gatatu. Versinetic yafatanyije na Saascharge; izindi ngero zirimo Allego na has.to.be.
CSMS ifasha:
Gucuruza ahantu ho kwishyura amafaranga
Kurenza imitwaro ku masharubu ari hafi aho
Gukoresha charger kure, hakoreshejwe porogaramu urugero
Imikoranire hagati y'imiyoboro
Gukurikirana uko ibikorwa byo kubungabunga bihagaze
Hari ubundi buryo - nk'imiyoboro igenzurwa n'abaturage - bushobora kuba bukwiriye gushyuza indege z'abantu ku giti cyabo, urugero.
Izindi ngingo aho igenzura ry’ibanze ryaba ingirakamaro zirimo ahantu hadafite ikimenyetso kibi, hamwe n’imiyoboro aho gushyira ingufu mu buryo bwihuse ari byo by’ingenzi - urugero, aho umuriro udatanga icyizere.
Mu rwego rw'ibikoresho byacu, umugenzuzi w'itumanaho ashobora kuba afite OCPP yahujwe, hanyuma tukazasuzuma DC charger, ISO 15118. Kubwibyo, ikintu cy'ingenzi gisabwa kuri mudasobwa ni microcontroller ishobora gucunga OCPP n'andi masomero ya porogaramu.
Intambwe ya 8: Kugera ku ntambwe y'inyongera
Ikoranabuhanga ryinshi ryo kongeramo mu gisubizo cyawe cyo gusharija.
Ni icyiciro gusa
Ahantu henshi ho gushyushya ubu hakoresha ingufu z’icyiciro kimwe mu gusharija; icyakora, hari uburyo bumwe bwo gusharija bukoresha ingufu z’icyiciro cya gatatu kugira ngo bwongere igipimo cyo gusharija. Urugero, Renault Zoe ishobora gusharija 22kW aho kuba 7.4kW iyo ikoresha 3-phase.
Ibyiza
Uku gushyushya birihuta cyane kandi bishobora kugerwaho hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya AC, rimwe na rimwe rizatuma nta shaja za DC zikenewe.
Ibibi
Gutanga amashanyarazi no gucunga imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ni ikibazo gikomeye: amazu menshi yo mu ngo nta ngufu zifite ibice bitatu cyangwa umuyoboro wa interineti kuri iki gipimo cyo gusharija. Imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi na relays zifite ibice bitatu nazo zizakenera gushyirwa mu gishushanyo mbonera cyo kugenzura gusharija.
Imodoka zatoranijwe gusa ni zo zikoresha amashanyarazi mu byiciro bitatu, ariko ibi bigiye gutera imbere uko imodoka nyinshi zikoresha amashanyarazi zizajya zishyirwa ahagaragara.
Iyo imbaraga nyinshi zihari, hari amabwiriza y’inyongera yerekeye uburyo ibyiciro bikoreshwa, urugero, aho gusimburana kw’ibyiciro ari ngombwa muri Noruveje. Kimwe no mu kubahiriza amategeko yose, aya mategeko aratandukanye bitewe n’akarere.
Gukenera umuvuduko
Igihe kirageze cyo kuvugana n'inzovu iri mu cyumba… no kuvuga kuri DC.
Mu gice cyo gushyushya cya DC, byinshi ni kimwe n'ibijyanye na AC; icyakora, voltage n'amashanyarazi biri hejuru, bitangirira kuri 50kW.
Iyo ukoresha charger ukoresheje AC charger, charge controller isanzwe ivugana na inverter iboneka mu modoka ihindura AC power muri DC kugira ngo itange charger kuri bateri ya EV. Iyi inverter ishobora gusa gukoresha power nyinshi, niyo mpamvu AC igenda buhoro kurusha DC charger.
Hamwe na DC chargers, iyi inverter iba iri muri charger, ikura igice gihenze kandi kiremereye cy’imashini yose ikoresha charger, ku muhanda.
Amahame ngenderwaho y'itumanaho nayo aratandukanye.
Ubwoko bw'amahuza
Kimwe n'uko sisitemu zo gushyushya AC zifite ubwoko bwa 1 J1772, ubwoko bwa 2 n'izindi, sisitemu zo gushyushya DC zifiteCHAdeMO, CCS na Tesla.
Imyaka ya vuba aha yagaragayeCHAdeMOkugabanuka kwa CCS, ubu ikaba yarashyizweho n'abakora imodoka benshi bo mu burengerazuba bw'isi. Ariko,CHAdeMOubu yagiranye ubufatanye n'Ubushinwa, isoko rinini rya EV ku isi, kandi Koreya y'Epfo isa nkaho yifuza kuyijyamo.
Ibi ni ukugira ngo dufatanye mu iterambere ryaCHAdeMO3.0 hamwe na ChaoJi nshya isanzwe yo mu Bushinwa, ishobora gusharija ku ngufu zirenze 500kW, kandi ijyanye inyuma n'ibipimo bya CHAdeMO, CCS, na GB/T.
CHAdeMOkandi iracyari igipimo cyonyine cyo gushyushya DC cyashyizemo ubushobozi bwo kugenda k'amashanyarazi mu cyerekezo gibiri kuri V2G (Imodoka ijya kuri Grid). Kandi mu Bwongereza, V2G ishobora kumenyekana cyane bitewe n'inyungu nshya za Ofgem, ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura ingufu mu Bwongereza.
Nk'umuntu ukora ikoranabuhanga ryo gushyushya amashanyarazi, ibi bituma bigorana guhitamo protocole zo gushyigikira.
ItsindaCHAdeMOPorotokole ikorana n'ikinyabiziga binyuze kuri CAN kugira ngo igenzure umutekano no kohereza ibipimo bya bateri.
Umuhuza wa CCS ugizwe n'umuhuza wa Type 1 cyangwa 2 ufite umuhuza wa DC wiyongereye munsi. Kubwibyo, itumanaho ry'ibanze riracyakorwa hakurikijwe IEC 61851. itumanaho ryo ku rwego rwo hejuru rikorwa hakoreshejwe imiyoboro y'inyongera, hakoreshejwe DIN SPEC 70121 na ISO/IEC 15118. ISO 15118 ituma "plug-and-play" yishyuzwa, aho uburenganzira n'ubwishyu byuzuzwa mu buryo bwikora, nta gukorana n'umushoferi.
Izi ni porogaramu zikomeye ziza hamwe na OCPP na IEC 16851 bigira ingaruka ku mirimo y’inyongera yo guteza imbere chargers za DC, kandi ibi, hamwe n’ubwinshi bw’ibicuruzwa biri hasi ndetse n’igiciro cyo hejuru cya BOM bigaragazwa n’igiciro cyo kugurisha, gishobora kugera ku bihumbi 30 by’amapawundi, aho kugera ku bihumbi 500 by’amapawundi kuri charger ya AC.
Ibishobora kuvugururwa byose uko byakabaye
Mu gihe kitari kure cyane, isi nyinshi zizakoreshwa n'amasoko ashobora kuvugururwa.
By’umwihariko, hari imiyoboro imwe n’imwe ikoresha ingufu za EV ubu irimo gukoresha ingufu zayo mu buryo buciriritse ikoresheje Solar PV. Bizongera isoko ryawe niba igisubizo cyawe giteganyijwe gukoresha ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba n’izindi soko zishobora kuvugururwa. Ibi bizasaba, mu bindi bintu, kugira uburyo bukomeye bwo guhuza umutwaro kugira ngo harebwe imiterere y’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba.
Gukoresha ingufu z'ibanze
Hamwe n'uburyo bwo gutanga imirasire y'izuba, hari ubushobozi bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi ya EV mu gukora hakoreshejwe ingufu zikomoka mu gace runaka, haba ku mirasire y'izuba cyangwa ikindi kintu. Aho amashanyarazi ashyirwa hashobora gukorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane amasoko atandukanye y'ingufu no kuyahuza kugira ngo harusheho kuba igiciro n'ubwizigirwa.
Umwanzuro
Binyuze mu kwiyongera kw'ingamba zo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere ku isi hose, biragaragara ko imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi n'uburyo bwo gutwara abantu n'ibintu buzira imihindagurikire y'ikirere ari byo bizaza.
Ariko, ibyishimo by’amahirwe bitangwa n’isoko ry’ikoranabuhanga rikora vuba kandi rigenda rikora bigomba kugabanywa n’uburyo bwitondewe kandi bunoze bwo gutegura, gutegura no gutanga igisubizo cyawe cyo gusharija amashanyarazi.
Turizera ko iyi nyandiko izagufasha kubona ubumenyi ku bintu bimwe na bimwe bigoye gukora EVSE yawe.
Waba ukorana n'itsinda ryawe ry'iterambere cyangwa umujyanama mu by'ibishushanyo mbonera bya EV nka Versinetic, kugira USP isobanutse neza n'isoko ry'intego, ndetse no kuba maso ku mishinga yawe n'imicungire y'umusaruro, bizaguha urufatiro rwiza rw'inzira nziza yo kugera ku isoko.
Ukeneye porogaramu yo gusharija amashanyarazi, ibikoresho, ubujyanama, cyangwa kuvugurura imiterere?
Gushyira mu bikorwa Porotokole ya OCPP mu bikorwa remezo byawe byo gushyushya amashanyarazi!
Niba uri uruganda rukora charger za EV cyangwa ikigo ushaka gushyira mu bikorwa protocole ya OCPP mu bikorwa remezo byawe byo charger, soma iyi nkuru kugira ngo ubone ubuyobozi ku bintu byinshi by'ingenzi ugomba kwitaho.
Porogaramu y’aho bashyira umuriro mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga (OCPP) ni amabwiriza y’itumanaho yemewe ku isi yose kandi yemewe cyane agena itumanaho hagati y’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi (EVSE) na sisitemu yo gucunga aho bashyira umuriro mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga (CSMS).
Muri iyi nkuru, turasuzuma uburyo bwiza bwo gushyira mu bikorwa OCPP mu bikorwa remezo byawe byo gusharija amashanyarazi n'uburyo bwo guhangana n'ibibazo bishobora kubaho.
Urutonde rw'ibikubiye muri urwo rutonde
Ibyiza byo gushyira mu bikorwa Porotokole ya OCPP mu bikorwa remezo byawe byo gushyuza amashanyarazi
Uburyo bwiza bwo gushyira mu bikorwa OCPP
Gutsinda Imbogamizi
Ibikoresho byo gufata
Ukeneye ubufasha bwa tekiniki mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya OCPP yawe?
Ibyiza byo gushyira mu bikorwa Porotokole ya OCPP mu bikorwa remezo byawe byo gushyuza amashanyarazi
OCPP itanga ibyiza byinshi kuri sisitemu yawe yo gusharija amashanyarazi, harimo:
Guhuza no Guhuza: OCPP igenzura ko EVSE na CSMS bikora neza kandi bihuzwa n'inganda zitandukanye. Ibi bivuze ko abakoresha EV bafite uburenganzira bwo kugenda hagati y'abakoresha amashanyarazi atandukanye badakeneye gusimbuza amashanyarazi yabo.
Itumanaho Ritekanye kandi Rifite Uburinzi: OCPP yemerera itumanaho ritekanye kandi rifite uburinzi hagati ya EVSE na CSMS, igenzura ko itumanaho ritafatwa cyangwa ngo rihindurwe n'abantu batemewe.
Gukurikirana no gucunga kure: OCPP yorohereza gukurikirana no gucunga ahantu ho gushyushya, bigatuma abakora aho gushyushya bagenzura kandi bagakurikirana ibikorwa remezo byabo byo gushyushya bari ahantu hagari.
Guhanahana amakuru no kuyakurikirana mu gihe nyacyo: OCPP yemerera guhanahana amakuru mu gihe nyacyo no kuyakurikirana mu gihe nyacyo, bigatuma abashinzwe ikoranabuhanga ryo gukwirakwiza amakuru (DSOs) bakurikirana ikoreshwa ry'ingufu no kuringaniza ikoranabuhanga mu gace batuyemo binyuze mu guhindura umusaruro w'amashanyarazi mu gihe cy'umuvuduko mwinshi.
Gutsinda Imbogamizi
Nubwo gushyira mu bikorwa protocole ya OCPP bitanga inyungu nyinshi, bishobora no kuza n'imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe. Ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bikunze kugaragara birimo:
Ibibazo byo guhuza ibikoresho: Imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye mu gushyira mu bikorwa OCPP ni uguhuza ibikoresho. Ntabwo ibikoresho byose bya EVSE na CSMS ari 100%Iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko agenga OCPP, kandi ibi bishobora guteza ibibazo mu rwego rw'akazi.
Udukosa twa porogaramu: Nubwo hariIyubahirizwa ry'amategeko agenga OCPPibikoresho, hashobora kubaho amakosa ya porogaramu cyangwa ibibazo bishobora kugira ingaruka kuri EVSE cyangwa CSMS, bikabangamira itumanaho cyangwa igenzura.
Ibibazo byo Gushyiraho: OCPP ni protocole igoye isaba configuration ikwiye kugira ngo ikore neza. Ibibazo bishobora kuvuka iyo ibikoresho bidashyizweho neza cyangwa niba hari configuration mbi mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya OCPP.
Mu gukorana na sosiyete nka Versinetic, ushobora gutsinda izi mbogamizi kandi ukizera ko ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya OCPP ryawe riri mu mutekano, rikora neza kandi rijyanye n'igihe.
Itsinda rya Versinetic rigizwe n'abahanga b'inararibonye n'abahanga mu bya tekiniki rishobora kugufasha gushushanya, gushyira mu bikorwa no kubungabungaIyubahirizwa ry'amategeko agenga OCPPIbikorwa remezo byo gusharija amashanyarazi bihuye n'ibyo ukeneye kandi birenze ibyo witeze.
Uburyo bwiza bwo gushyira mu bikorwa OCPP
Mu gihe ushyira mu bikorwa OCPP mu bikorwa remezo byawe byo gusharija amashanyarazi, kurikiza izi ntambwe nziza:
HitamoOCPP-IyubahirizaEVSE: Mu guhitamo EVSEs (Ibikoresho byo Gutanga Ibinyabiziga by'Amashanyarazi), ni ngombwa guhitamo ibikoresho byibuze bihuye na OCPP 1.6J hamwe n'ubufasha bw'umutekano bwa 2 cyangwa 3 kugira ngo habeho imikoranire myiza n'urwego rwo hejuru rw'umutekano nk'uko ubuziranenge bubitanga.
Amahitamo ya EVSE Custom: OCPP yemerera guhindura uburyo bwo kugenzura no gusuzuma bwemewe. Ni byiza guhitamo EVSE ifite imiterere ikwiye na raporo kugira ngo ishyigikire gusuzuma no kugenzura kure ahantu ushyira porogaramu.
Reba amabwiriza agenga gusharija mu gihugu cyawe: Ni ngombwa kugenzura ko EVSE yujuje amategeko n'amabwiriza yihariye y'igihugu izakoreramo. Urugero, mu Bwongereza hari amabwiriza ajyanye no gusharija asaba ko ibintu byihariye biri kuri sharija bibaho, nko gutinda gutangira sharija. Niba EVSE idashyigikira ibintu byihariye by'igihugu, sharija ntiyujuje ibisabwa.
Hitamo CSMS Ijyanye: Ubu hari CSMS nyinshi z'ubucuruzi zikoreshwa na OCPP 1.6J zifite umutekano. Ariko, ibi bireba gusa itumanaho, kandi CSMS igomba gukora ku bindi bintu byinshi byo gukoresha no kugenzura umuyoboro w'ibikoresho (urugero, kwishyuza). Kubwibyo, menya neza ko wahisemo CSMS yujuje ibisabwa byihariye.
Isuzuma ry’imikorere y’ikoranabuhanga: Iyo CSMS na EVSE byombi byatoranijwe, isuzuma ry’imikorere y’ikoranabuhanga rishobora gutangira, maze EVSE inyura mu nzira yo “gushyira hamwe” na CSMS, izagerageza ibice by’icyuma gikoresha OCPP. Hari ibikoresho byigenga biboneka kugira ngo bifashe mu gusuzuma ibibazo mu gihe bivutse.
Gukurikirana no kubungabunga: Iyo ibikorwa remezo bya OCPP byawe bimaze gukora, ni ngombwa kubikurikirana no kubyitaho kugira ngo urebe ko bikora neza. Gukomeza no kuvugurura ibikorwa remezo byawe bizaguha amahirwe meza yo kugumana umutekano n'imikorere myiza.
Ibikoresho byo gufata
Porotokole ya OCPP ni porotokole y'itumanaho izwi ku isi yose ikoreshwa mu nganda zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Gushyira mu bikorwa OCPP bitanga ubushobozi bwo gukorana no guhuza EVSE na CSMS bivuye mu nganda zitandukanye, bigatuma habaho guhanahana amakuru mu buryo bwizewe kandi bunoze no gukurikirana inzira yo gusharija.
Uburyo bwiza bwo gushyira mu bikorwa OCPP burimo guhitamoIyubahirizwa ry'amategeko agenga OCPPEVSEs, guhitamo CSMS ijyanye nayo, gushyiraho no gushyiraho OCPP, gupima no kugenzura, no gukurikirana no kubungabunga.
Imbogamizi mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa zirimo ibibazo byo guhuza ibikoresho, amakosa ya porogaramu, n'ibibazo byo gushyiraho porogaramu.
Ukeneye ubufasha bwa tekiniki mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya OCPP yawe?
Niba uri uruganda rukora charger za EV ushaka gushyira mu bikorwa OCPP mu bikorwa remezo byawe byo charger, hamagara itsinda rya Versinetic.
Injeniyeri zacu z'inararibonye n'inzobere mu bya tekiniki bashobora kugufasha gushushanya, gushyira mu bikorwa no kubungabungaIyubahirizwa ry'amategeko agenga OCPPIbikorwa remezo byo gusharija imodoka za EV bihuye n'ibyo ukeneye.
Reka Versinetic igufashe kubaka ahazaza harambye hamwe n'ibikorwaremezo byo gusana amashanyarazi bya EV birinzwe, bikora neza kandi bitanga umusaruro.Iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko agenga OCPP.
Sichuan Green Science & Technology Co., Ltd.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-03-2024
